Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 aprelya 2022 goda15.04.2022 7:20 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 18 aprelya Merkurii proidet v 2 gr. severnee Urana, a Luna (F= 0,95-) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity. 19 aprelya Luna (nahodyas' severnee Antaresa) pri faze 0,89- dostignet perigeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 365144 km ot centra Zemli. 21 aprelya Luna (F= 0,7-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 22 aprelya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Liridy (ZHR = 18). 24 aprelya Luna (F= 0,35-) proidet yuzhnee Saturna. Na utrennem nebe nablyudaetsya parad planet, kotoryi luchshe vsego viden v yuzhnyh shirotah.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 47 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 14 chasov 50 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 31,80 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 24 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca i Kozeroga, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,98- do 0,35- i umen'shaya (s 21 aprelya - uvelichivaya) sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vesov. Zdes' Luna probudet do 19 aprelya, kogda pri faze 0,93- pereidet v sozvezdie Skorpiona. V etot zhe den' pri faze 0,89- lunnyi oval pereidet v sozvezdie Zmeenosca, nablyudayas' severnee Antaresa. V sozvezdii Zmeenosca nochnoe svetilo probudet do 20 aprelya, kogda dostignet sozvezdiya Strel'ca pri faze 0,78-. V etom sozvezdii Luna budet nahodit'sya do 23 aprelya, kogda vstupit v sozvezdie Kozeroga pri faze okolo 0,54-. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo primet fazu poslednei chetverti 23 aprelya, a 24 aprelya proidet yuzhnee Saturna, umen'shiv fazu do 0,35-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Venera, Mars, Yupiter, Saturn i Neptun nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe, Merkurii mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari, a Uran nablyudaetsya v binokl' po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2022 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1769488. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet (naibolee dostupnyh dlya lyubitelei astronomii) hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2019 L3) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Bliznecov pri bleske slabee 11m, a kometa P/Borrelly (19P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego pri bleske slabee 10m. Yarkuyu kometu PANSTARRS (C/2021 O3) ne vidno iz-za blizosti k Solncu. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,6m) v sozvezdii Kozeroga.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Merkurii viden na fone vechernei zari, postepenno sblizhayas' s Pleyadami. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -1m do 0m, a uglovye razmery sostavlyayut okolo 7 sekund dugi. Faza umen'shaetsya ot 0,75 do 0,5. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' krohotnyi oval bez detalei, perehodyashii v poludisk. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,13 do 0,96 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2022 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2022.html
Venera. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari (uchastvuya v parade planet) v vide yarkoi zvezdy pri elongacii okolo 44 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 18 uglovyh sekund, a blesk priderzhivaetsya znacheniya -4,1m pri faze okolo 0,65. V teleskop nablyudaetsya yarkii oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,9 do 0,95 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2022.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Mars viden na fone utrennei zari, uchastvuya v parade planet. Blesk planety prevyshaet +1m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet bolee 5 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk prakticheski bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,70 do 1,66 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2022.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb, uchastvuya v parade planet. Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' na fone utrennei zari (luchshe vsego viden v yuzhnyh shirotah). Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 34 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,79 - 5,72 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2022.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, uchastvuya v parade planet. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,8m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,29 do 10,18 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2022.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran zakanchivaet vechernyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 20,67 do 20,70 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2022.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na utrennem nebe (bliz Yupitera), a luchshe vsego ego nablyudat' v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,75 do 30,68 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2022.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
21 Apr 2022 5h16m11.11s N25 37' 26.5" 2.635 3.173 8.9 49.6 56.41 81.9 Tau
26 Apr 2022 5h24m34.53s N25 52' 58.6" 2.632 3.219 8.9 46.6 57.57 82.9 Tau
Pallada (2)
21 Apr 2022 1h55m52.19s S 3 28' 15.8" 2.675 3.632 9.5 15.2 63.56 79.9 Cet
26 Apr 2022 2h04m14.58s S 3 06' 42.9" 2.663 3.612 9.5 16.6 64.11 80.6 Cet
Vesta (4)
21 Apr 2022 21h23m21.97s S16 21' 52.9" 2.189 2.271 7.6 72.5 61.20 78.2 Cap
26 Apr 2022 21h31m26.80s S15 57' 11.2" 2.192 2.218 7.6 75.4 59.18 78.2 Cap
Flora (8)
21 Apr 2022 13h28m03.58s N 1 09' 21.0" 2.535 1.549 9.8 165.7 39.06 288.0 Vir
26 Apr 2022 13h23m18.01s N 1 31' 30.2" 2.536 1.565 9.9 160.8 36.74 285.9 Vir
Gigeiya (10)
21 Apr 2022 14h23m23.61s S19 59' 57.1" 2.807 1.814 9.3 169.1 28.84 288.5 Lib
26 Apr 2022 14h19m29.79s S19 39' 52.6" 2.805 1.803 9.2 173.5 30.07 290.0 Vir
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2022 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
18 aprelya, vecher - Merkurii bliz Urana.
19 aprelya, 15 chasov 12 minut - Luna (F= 0,89-) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 365144 km ot centra Zemli.
20 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Kometa P/Borrelly (19P) bliz Kapelly.
21 aprelya, 17 chasov 42 minuty - Luna (F= 0,7-) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
22 aprelya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Liridy (ZHR = 18).
23 aprelya, 11 chasov 57 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
24 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Parad yarkih planet na fone utrennei zari (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 21 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 21 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 21 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 04 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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