Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 13 po 19 dekabrya 2021 goda10.12.2021 6:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 13 dekabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,74+) zvezdy 89 Ryb (5m) pri vidimosti na bol'shei chasti strany, a 14 dekabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Geminidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Bliznecov. 15 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,86+) proidet yuzhnee Urana, a 16 dekabrya pri faze 0,95+ - yuzhnee Pleyad. 16 dekabrya proizoidet pokrytie na 8 sekund zvezdy 12148 (5,6m) iz sozvezdiya Kita asteroidom 11395 pri vidimosti na severe Evropeiskoi chasti strany. 17 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Devy dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m), Luna (F= 0,96+) proidet tochku voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity, a pri faze 0,98+ budet nahodit'sya severnee Al'debarana. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,98+) zvezdy tau Tel'ca (4,3m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti strany. 18 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,99+) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406316 km ot centra Zemli, a Venera proidet stoyanie s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu. Krome etogo, kometa Leonard (C/2021 A1) dostigaet maksimal'nogo bleska okolo 5m (17 i 18 dekabrya nebesnaya strannica budet nahodit'sya bliz Venery). Vidimyi diametr Venery priblizhaetsya k 1 uglovoi minute, poetomu zorkie lyudi mogut popytat'sya razglyadet' serp planety nevooruzhennym glazom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote sostavlyaet okolo 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,51 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca, 18 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 19 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca i Bliznecov, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,7+ do 1,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Ryb. 14 dekabrya Luna peresechet granicu s sozvezdiem Kita pri faze okolo 0,83+, a zatem (F= 0,84+) pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo proidet yuzhnee Urana (F= 0,86+) 15 dekabrya. V sozvezdie Tel'ca Luna voidet 16 dekabrya pri faze 0,93+. V etot den' yarkaya Luna (F= 0,95+) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad, a 17 dekabrya budet nahodit'sya severnee Giad i Al'debarana pri faze okolo 0,98+. V sozvezdii Tel'ca Luna primet fazu polnoluniya 19 dekabrya, v etot zhe den' pereidya v sozvezdie Bliznecov i nablyudayas' vsyu noch'. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden v yuzhnyh shirotah, a Veneru mozhno naiti na vechernem nebe. Mars nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari, a Yupiter i Saturn vidny v vechernee vremya. Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v binokl' v nochnoe vremya. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet (naibolee dostupnyh dlya lyubitelei astronomii) hvostataya strannica P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) s bleskom okolo 10m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Raka, a kometa Leonard (C/2021 A1) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Zmeenosca, Shita i Strel'ca pri bleske okolo 5m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Cerera (7,3m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca (bliz Giad i Pleyad).
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: T Kassiopei 8,1m - 13 dekabrya, SV Andromedy 7,8m - 13 dekabrya, RT Vesov 8,6m - 15 dekabrya, V Lebedya 8,4m - 17 dekabrya, R Devy 6,8m - 17 dekabrya, W Voznichego 8,6m - 19 dekabrya, RR Strel'ca.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Merkurii nahoditsya na vechernem nebe, no viden tol'ko v yuzhnyh shirotah. Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya do 12 gradusov k vostoku. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya do -0,7m, a uglovye razmery sostavlyayut okolo 5 sekund dugi pri faze blizkoi k 0,95. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,41 do 1,34 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem (18 dekabrya menyaya dvizhenie na popyatnoe) po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Venera vidna na fone vechernei zari pri elongacii, umen'shayusheisya ot 34 do 28 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Nablyudat' planetu mozhno i dnem, tochno znaya ee gorizontal'nye koordinaty na dannyi moment vremeni. 17 i 18 dekabrya bliz Venery budet nahodit'sya kometa Leonard (C/2021 A1). V binokl' i teleskop mozhno nablyudat' serp planety bez vidimyh detalei, a zorkie lyudi mogut popytat'sya razglyadet' serp planety nevooruzhennym glazom. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya ot 47 do 53 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet okolo -4,5m pri faze umen'shayusheisya ot 0,18 do 0,12. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,35 do 0,32 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov, 15 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Skorpiona. Mars viden na fone utrennei zari. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,5m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,43 do 2,40 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter viden po vecheram levee Saturna. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 36,5 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,1m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,32 - 5,41 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya po vecheram pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,7m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,54 do 10,63 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran viden v vechernee i nochnoe vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 18,96 do 19,04 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na vechernem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 29,92 do 30,04 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Dec 2021 3h56.78537m +17.13959 deg 2.731 1.800 7.4 156.5 30.80 278.0 Tau 21 Dec 2021 3h52.86105m +17.29647 deg 2.727 1.827 7.5 150.6 27.19 280.4 Tau Pallada (2) 16 Dec 2021 23h05.33454m -12.39628 deg 2.966 2.996 9.9 78.7 30.71 87.6 Aqr 21 Dec 2021 23h09.67548m -12.33148 deg 2.955 3.058 9.9 74.7 33.28 85.2 Aqr Vesta (4) 16 Dec 2021 16h58.68147m -20.05583 deg 2.153 3.121 7.6 8.7 81.44 98.4 Oph 21 Dec 2021 17h10.08377m -20.42456 deg 2.153 3.110 7.7 11.0 81.34 97.3 Oph Irida (7) 16 Dec 2021 8h04.47179m +16.33672 deg 2.018 1.138 8.2 143.9 23.70 252.9 Cnc 21 Dec 2021 8h01.03301m +16.12274 deg 2.030 1.119 8.1 149.7 29.39 259.0 Cnc Massaliya (20) 16 Dec 2021 9h36.64289m +13.11947 deg 2.073 1.378 9.8 121.8 13.22 113.5 Leo 21 Dec 2021 9h37.97148m +12.97190 deg 2.075 1.333 9.7 126.5 6.78 118.3 Leo Nysa (44) 16 Dec 2021 5h06.02032m +17.44062 deg 2.113 1.135 9.2 171.3 38.36 271.5 Tau 21 Dec 2021 5h00.93865m +17.49199 deg 2.108 1.140 9.3 165.9 36.30 272.9 Tau a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
13 dekabrya, 11 chasov 30 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,74+) zvezdy 89 Ryb (5m) pri vidimosti na bol'shei chasti strany.
14 dekabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Geminidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Bliznecov.
15 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,86+) prohodit yuzhnee Urana.
16 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,95+) prohodit yuzhnee Pleyad.
17 dekabrya, 22 chasa 01 minuta - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,98+) zvezdy tau Tel'ca (4,3m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti strany.
18 dekabrya, 02 chasa 15 minut - Luna (F= 0,99+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406316 km ot centra Zemli
19 dekabrya, 04 chasa 37 minut - Polnolunie.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 16 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 16 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 16 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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