Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 19 po 25 iyulya 2021 goda16.07.2021 5:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 20 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda X Edinoroga dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m), a Luna (F= 0,82+) proidet severnee Antaresa okolo nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity. 21 iyulya Luna (F= 0,90+) okazhetsya v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 364517 km ot centra Zemli, a 22 iyulya Venera proidet v graduse severnee Regula. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (okolo maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora) pri faze 0,98+ zvezdy sigma Strel'ca (2,1m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii. 24 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Orla dostignet maksimuma bleska (5,5m), a Luna (F= 1,0) proidet yuzhnee Saturna. 25 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Devy dostignet maksimuma bleska (5,5m). Vsyu nedelyu vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta. Krome etogo, idet period, kogda yarkie sputniki Yupitera tesno sblizhayutsya i pokryvayutsya drug drugom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 53 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 16 chasov 25 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 31,50 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, 20 iyulya perehodya v sozvezdie Raka. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 24 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca, Kozeroga i Vodoleya, izmenyaya fazu 0,7+ do 0,95-, i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (do 22 iyulya, a zatem - uvelichivaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vesov. 19 iyulya lunnyi oval (F= 0,77+) voidet v sozvezdie Skorpiona, a 20 iyulya pri faze 0,82+ vstupit v sozvezdie Zmeenosca, nablyudayas' severnee Antaresa. 21 iyulya yarkaya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca i probudet zdes' do 23 iyulya. V etot den' nochnoe svetilo pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga i primet zdes' fazu polnoluniya 24 iyulya. V etot zhe den' polnaya Luna proidet yuzhnee Saturna, a 25 iyulya dostignet sozvezdiya Vodoleya, sniziv fazu do 0,96-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari (luchshe vsego v yuzhnyh shirotah strany), a Veneru i Mars mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari. Yupiter i Saturn vidny bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Palomar (C/2020 T2) s bleskom okolo 10m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Devy. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,8m) v sozvezdii Devy.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: Z Pegasa 8,8m - 20 iyulya, X Edinoroga 7,6m - 20 iyulya, U Zmei 8,2m - 21 iyulya, R Orla 6,7m - 24 iyulya, R Devy 6,8m - 25 iyulya, R Mikroskopa 8,8m - 25 iyulya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Merkurii mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari (luchshie usloviya vidimosti v yuzhnyh shirotah). K koncu nedeli bystraya planeta zakanchivaet vidimost'. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya ot 6 do 5 sekund dugi, a blesk uvelichivaetsya ot -0,9m do -1,5m. Faza planety uvelichivaetsya ot 0,78 do 0,95, a elongaciya umen'shaetsya ot 15 do 8 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,16 do 1,28 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va (bliz Regula). Venera vidna na fone vechernei zari pri elongacii, kotoraya uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 30 do 31,5 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 12 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze blizkoi k 0,85. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,40 do 1,35 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va (bliz Venery i Regula). Mars mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,8m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno razlichit' krohotnyi krasnovatyi disk. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,51 do 2,54 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Yupiter viden bol'shuyu chast' nochi levee Saturna. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 48 sekund dugi pri bleske yarche -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,16 - 4,11 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,2m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 18,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 8,97 do 8,94 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran nahoditsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 20,03 do 19,92 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 29,35 do 20,26 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Jul 2021 3h42.97402m +13.14595 deg 2.848 3.183 9.1 61.8 47.53 76.7 Tau 26 Jul 2021 3h49.20681m +13.49421 deg 2.844 3.120 9.1 65.0 46.06 77.3 Tau Pallada (2) 21 Jul 2021 23h34.43023m + 7.92887 deg 3.230 2.595 9.7 120.4 10.42 190.4 Psc 26 Jul 2021 23h33.98588m + 7.54371 deg 3.223 2.527 9.6 125.3 13.93 203.1 Psc Vesta (4) 21 Jul 2021 12h11.55875m + 5.53729 deg 2.218 2.497 7.8 62.4 64.07 117.8 Vir 26 Jul 2021 12h19.20521m + 4.53732 deg 2.214 2.543 7.8 59.8 65.53 117.5 Vir Geba (6) 21 Jul 2021 19h35.69441m -10.98270 deg 2.270 1.265 8.4 168.7 43.68 236.1 Aql 26 Jul 2021 19h30.95431m -11.82063 deg 2.259 1.260 8.4 165.7 43.60 233.8 Sgr Irida (7) 21 Jul 2021 4h21.87423m +24.21289 deg 1.839 2.310 9.8 50.5 87.46 82.2 Tau 26 Jul 2021 4h34.48808m +24.56723 deg 1.839 2.273 9.8 52.4 86.73 83.5 Tau Viktoriya (12) 21 Jul 2021 20h28.80343m - 1.36446 deg 1.819 0.832 8.8 159.7 31.57 280.7 Aql 26 Jul 2021 20h24.78158m - 1.23252 deg 1.819 0.826 8.7 161.7 32.23 273.6 Aql Yuliya (89) 21 Jul 2021 22h32.82558m - 4.49190 deg 2.143 1.264 9.7 139.8 28.83 322.0 Aqr 26 Jul 2021 22h30.17051m - 3.75169 deg 2.137 1.225 9.6 144.8 32.13 312.2 Aqr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
19 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta.
20 iyulya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,8+) bliz Antaresa.
21 iyulya, 10 chasov 27 minut - Luna (F= 0,90+) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 364517 km ot centra Zemli.
22 iyulya, 15 chasov 13 minut - Luna (F= 0,99+) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
23 iyulya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Orla bliz maksimuma bleska (5,5m).
24 iyulya, 02 chasa 36 minut - Polnolunie.
25 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Devy bliz maksimuma bleska (5,5m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 22 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 22 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 22 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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