Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 30 noyabrya po 6 dekabrya 2020 goda27.11.2020 7:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 30 noyabrya proizoidet polutenevoe zatmenie Luny (vidimoe na territorii Rossii) s maksimal'noi polutenevoi fazoi 0,85. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 1,0) proidet severnee Giad i Al'debarana, a v pervyi den' zimy yarkii lunnyi disk okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity. 3 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,93-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 5 dekabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,79-) zvezdy gamma Raka (4,7m) pri vidimosti na bol'shei chasti Rossii. V etot zhe den' pri faze 0,8- nochnoe svetilo proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44), a 6 dekabrya lunnyi oval (F= 0,64-) sblizitsya s Regulom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 7 chasov 15 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,47 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 30 noyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Tel'ca, Bliznecov, Raka i L'va, izmenyaya fazu ot 1 do 0,6- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (do 3 dekabrya, a zatem - umen'shaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Tel'ca. 30 noyabrya Luna primet fazu polnoluniya, nahodyas' bliz Pleyad, Giad i Al'debarana i zakanchivaya svoi put' po osennemu nebu. V etot den' proizoidet polutenevoe lunnoe zatmenie, kotoroe budet vidimo na territorii Rossii s maksimal'noi fazoi 0,85. 2 dekabrya Luna dostignet sozvezdiya Bliznecov, umen'shiv fazu do 0,97-. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo dostignet maksimal'nogo polozhitel'nogo skloneniya, i budet nablyudat'sya v nochnye chasy vysoko nad gorizontom. Zatem lunnyi disk ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Raka, kotorogo dostignet 4 dekabrya, umen'shiv fazu do 0,85-. Na sleduyushii den' Luna pri faze okolo 0,8- proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 5 dekabrya nochnoe svetilo pereidet v sozvezdie L'va (F= 0,73-), gde 6 dekabrya pri faze 0,64- proidet severnee Regula. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera imeyut utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v nochnoe vremya. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Tel'ca i Voznichego s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na noyabr' i KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (7,8m) v sozvezdii L'va i Flora (8,6m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: Y Drakona 9,2m - 1 dekabrya, Y Edinoroga 9,1m - 3 dekabrya, R Zmeenosca 7,6m - 3 dekabrya, RU Lebedya 8,0m - 3 dekabrya, RS Devy 8,1m - 4 dekabrya, RR Orla 9,0m - 4 dekabrya, T Zhuravlya 8,6m - 4 dekabrya, W Kassiopei 8,8m - 6 dekabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov, 3 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Skorpiona, a 7 dekabrya v sozvezdie Zmeenosca, nablyudayas' v luchah voshodyashego Solnca. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,7m. Faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,95 do 1, a elongaciya izmenyaetsya ot 11 do 7 gradusov. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei izmenyaetsya ot 1,36 do 1,41 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Venera vidna v utrennie chasy v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 26 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 12 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze okolo 0,9. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,43 do 1,46 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -1,1m do -0,9m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 14,8 do 13,6 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,63 do 0,69 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya vecherom bliz Saturna. Vyshe 69 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 34 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,72 - 5,79 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na noyabr' i KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,60 do 10,68 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 18,92 - 18,99 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 29,74 do 29,86 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 1 Dec 2020 22h37m59.84s -20 19.979' 2.969 2.895 9.0 84.6 33.26 53.3 Aqr 6 Dec 2020 22h41m57.35s -19 39.795' 2.967 2.963 9.1 80.7 35.79 54.8 Aqr Vesta (4) 1 Dec 2020 11h04m56.32s +10 40.133' 2.435 2.300 7.8 85.8 43.11 102.2 Leo 6 Dec 2020 11h10m29.48s +10 23.043' 2.431 2.231 7.8 89.5 40.37 101.0 Leo Flora (8) 1 Dec 2020 2h18m26.27s + 3 33.657' 1.867 0.980 8.6 143.5 19.04 306.3 Cet 6 Dec 2020 2h16m57.54s + 3 59.108' 1.869 1.014 8.7 138.5 16.40 328.8 Cet Evnomiya (15) 1 Dec 2020 8h48m33.71s +18 59.904' 2.452 1.810 9.4 119.6 10.34 175.6 Cnc 6 Dec 2020 8h48m20.24s +18 39.871' 2.462 1.765 9.3 124.6 10.57 207.9 Cnc Psiheya (16) 1 Dec 2020 5h07m06.45s +18 07.413' 2.667 1.690 9.5 170.3 33.42 265.1 Tau 6 Dec 2020 5h02m28.88s +18 02.070' 2.673 1.690 9.4 174.8 34.12 265.7 Tau Laetitia (39) 1 Dec 2020 6h17m10.87s + 8 23.106' 2.676 1.772 10.1 150.7 27.80 264.1 Ori 6 Dec 2020 6h13m19.34s + 8 18.975' 2.681 1.753 10.1 155.6 30.96 267.8 Ori a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii noyabrya i dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na noyabr', KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
30 noyabrya, 09 chasov 30 minut - Polnolunie.
30 noyabrya, 07 chasov 30 minut - Nachalo polutenevogo lunnogo zatmeniya s maksimal'noi fazoi 0,85.
01 dekabrya, 07 chasov 46 minut - Luna (F= 0,99-) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
02 dekabrya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda RU Lebedya bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
03 dekabrya, 01 chas 59 minut - Luna (F= 0,93-) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
04 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Venera bliz zvezdy al'fa Vesov.
05 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,8-) prohodit severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
06 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,64-) prohodit severnee Regula.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 3 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 3 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 3 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 11 i 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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