Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 19 po 25 oktyabrya 2020 goda16.10.2020 17:50 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 19 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,13+) proidet severnee Antaresa, a 20 oktyabrya pri faze 0,20+ okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity. 21 oktyabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Orionidy (ZHR= 15), a dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Andromedy dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m). 22 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,35+) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora bliz Yupitera, a 23 oktyabrya pri faze 0,45+ proidet yuzhnee Saturna. 24 oktyabrya proizoidet pokrytie na 8 sekund zvezdy HIP 5315 (6,2m) iz sozvezdiya Kita asteroidom (1171) Rusthawelia pri vidimosti na yuge Rossii, v Kazahstane i v Sibiri, a 25 oktyabrya Merkurii proidet nizhnee soedinenie s Solncem.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 21 gradusa, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 9 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,18 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 23 oktyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca, Kozeroga i Vodoleya, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,05+ do 0,75+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (s 22 oktyabrya - uvelichivaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vesov. 19 oktyabrya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Skorpiona pri faze okolo 0,1+. V sozvezdie Zmeenosca lunnyi serp voidet v etot zhe den' pri faze 0,12+. Zdes' Luna proidet severnee Antaresa pri faze 0,13+, ustremivshis' k sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, kuda voidet 21 oktyabrya. Zdes' 22 oktyabrya Luna proidet yuzhnee Yupitera (F= 0,41+), a 23 oktyabrya - yuzhnee Saturna (F= 0,45+), nablyudayas' nizko nad gorizontom do mestnoi polunochi. V etot zhe den' lunnyi poludisk pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga i primet zdes' fazu pervoi chetverti 23 oktyabrya. Sozvezdiya Vodoleya Luna dostignet 25 oktyabrya pri faze okolo 0,7+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii ne viden, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v nochnoe vremya. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Zaica s bleskom okolo 9m. Kometa NEOWISE (C/2020 P1) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Devy s bleskom okolo 6m. 88P/Howell peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,3m) v sozvezdii L'va i Cerera (8,3m) v sozvezdii Vodoleya.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: R Andromedy 6,9m - 21 oktyabrya, RY Gerkulesa 9,0m - 25 oktyabrya, R Mikroskopa 9,2m - 25 oktyabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Antares, Luna - Yupiter, Luna - Saturn, Luna - Neptun, Venera - Regul, Mars - myu Ryb, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya, Cerera - Fomal'gaut, Vesta - Regul.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vesov, zakanchivaya vechernyuyu vidimost'. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya dostigayut 10 sekund dugi pri bleske slabee +3m. Faza umen'shaetsya do 0,01, a elongaciya izmenyaetsya ot 14 do 1 gradusa. V teleskop viden serp planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,70 do 0,67 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Venera vidna v utrennie chasy v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 35,5 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 14,0 do 13,5 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,0m pri faze okolo 0,8. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,19 do 1,23 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya vsyu noch', i eto luchshii period dlya nablyudenii planety v 2020 godu. Planeta vidna v vide yarkoi krasnovatoi zvezdy (ustupaya v bleske sredi planet tol'ko Venere) i dostigaet naibol'shei vysoty nad gorizontom okolo mestnoi polunochi. Blesk planety imeet znachenie -2,4m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 22 do 21 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,427 do 0,445 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya v vechernie chasy bliz Saturna. Vyshe 68 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet 38 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,14 - 5,25 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr - menee 17 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 9,95 do 10,07 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 18,81 do 18,79 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 29,13 do 29,21 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
21 Oct 2020 22h22m09.78s -24 32.734' 2.977 2.356 8.5 119.6 9.96 350.1 Aqr
26 Oct 2020 22h22m12.42s -24 11.417' 2.976 2.417 8.6 115.0 11.73 11.4 Aqr
Vesta (4)
21 Oct 2020 10h09m11.10s +14 14.564' 2.470 2.838 8.2 58.6 57.82 105.5 Leo
26 Oct 2020 10h16m45.69s +13 43.965' 2.466 2.778 8.2 61.7 56.60 105.5 Leo
Flora (8)
21 Oct 2020 2h52m03.80s + 3 51.053' 1.858 0.887 8.1 161.6 32.86 250.5 Cet
26 Oct 2020 2h47m40.61s + 3 30.472' 1.858 0.879 8.0 165.6 35.75 254.6 Cet
Partenopa (11)
21 Oct 2020 2h06m39.36s + 4 19.662' 2.343 1.354 9.4 171.4 37.19 249.1 Cet
26 Oct 2020 2h01m59.68s + 3 54.281' 2.348 1.361 9.4 171.5 36.81 250.9 Psc
Evnomiya (15)
21 Oct 2020 8h23m23.88s +22 41.810' 2.374 2.243 9.9 85.0 41.47 111.8 Cnc
26 Oct 2020 8h28m42.07s +22 11.162' 2.383 2.189 9.9 88.7 38.12 113.5 Cnc
Leto (68)
21 Oct 2020 0h22m17.09s - 5 05.022' 2.300 1.362 10.0 154.4 25.57 278.2 Psc
26 Oct 2020 0h19m11.02s - 4 55.527' 2.304 1.394 10.2 149.1 21.70 285.7 Psc
Papagena (471)
21 Oct 2020 2h36m07.71s - 7 11.099' 2.234 1.281 9.5 157.8 32.87 269.2 Cet
26 Oct 2020 2h31m34.61s - 7 09.098' 2.233 1.276 9.5 159.1 34.78 274.2 Cet
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii oktyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
19 oktyabrya, Luna (F= 0,13+) prohodit severnee Antaresa.
20 oktyabrya, 15 chasov 53 minuty - Luna (F= 0,20+) v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
21 oktyabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Andromedy bliz maksimuma bleska (6m).
22 oktyabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,41+) bliz Yupitera i Saturna.
23 oktyabrya, 13 chasov 23 minuty - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
24 oktyabrya, 20 chasov 25 minut - Pokrytie na 8 sekund zvezdy HIP 5315 (6,2m) iz sozvezdiya Kita asteroidom (1171) Rusthawelia pri vidimosti na yuge Rossii, v Kazahstane i v Sibiri.
25 oktyabrya, 18 chasov 15 minut - Merkurii v nizhnem soedinenii s Solncem.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 22 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 22 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 22 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 10 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet