Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 31 avgusta po 6 sentyabrya 2020 goda28.08.2020 8:20 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 1 sentyabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Aurigidy (ZHR= 6) iz sozvezdiya Voznichego, a 3 sentyabrya Luna prakticheski v faze polnoluniya prohodit yuzhnee Neptuna. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,98-) zvezdy 30 Ryb (4,4m) pri vidimosti na Urale i v vostochnoi polovine strany. 6 sentyabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,87-) zvezdy nyu Ryb (4,5m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti strany. V etot zhe den' Lunoi pokroetsya Mars pri vidimosti v Yuzhnoi Amerike i Afrike, a Luna (F= 0,85-) okazhetsya v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405606 km ot centra Zemli.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 40 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 13 chasov 25 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 31,74 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu L'va. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 2 sentyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Kozeroga, Vodoleya, Ryb i Ovna, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,9+ do 1, a zatem do 0,8- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Kozeroga. Po osennemu nebu Luna nachnet dvizhenie okolo pri faze 0,98+. Pereidya v pervyi den' oseni v sozvezdie Vodoleya, nochnoe svetilo primet zdes' fazu polnoluniya 2 sentyabrya, nahodyas' bliz Neptuna. 3 sentyabrya yarkii lunnyi disk vstupit v sozvezdie Ryb, a 4 sentyabrya - v sozvezdie Kita, nablyudayas' vsyu noch' i postepenno umen'shaya fazu. 5 sentyabrya Luna vnov' posetit sozvezdie Ryb, ostavayas' zdes' do 6 sentyabrya. V etot den' lunnyi oval (F= 0,86-) pokroet Mars pri vidimosti v Yuzhnoi Amerike i Afrike. Provedya ostatok dnya 6 sentyabrya v sozvezdii Kita, lunnyi oval pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna, proidya yuzhnee Urana pri faze okolo 0,8-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden v luchah zahodyashego Solnca v yuzhnyh shirotah, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' noch'yu i utrom. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vecherom i noch'yu. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Devy s bleskom okolo 9m. 88P/Howell peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Vesov s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na avgust i KN na sentyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,4m) v sozvezdii Raka i Cerera (7,7m) v sozvezdii Vodoleya.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: X Severnoi Korony 9,1m - 31 avgusta, V Lebedya 9,1m - 2 sentyabrya i SS Zmeenosca 8,7m - 3 sentyabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Neptun, Luna - Mars, Luna - Uran, Venera - Polluks, Mars - myu Ryb, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod. Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyam L'va i Devy, nablyudayas' v luchah zahodyashego Solnca v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya sostavlyaet okolo 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,5m. Faza umen'shaetsya do 0,87, a elongaciya uvelichivaetsya k koncu nedeli do 17 gradusov. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,34 do 1,30 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, 3 sentyabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Raka. Venera vidna utrennem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 44 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 20 do 18,5 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,1m pri faze okolo 0,6. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,85 do 0,90 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya noch'yu i utrom nad vostochnym i yuzhnym gorizontom. Blesk planety uvelichivaetsya ot -1,7m do -1,9m, a vidimyi diametr vozrastaet ot 18,7 do 19,8 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,53 do 0,47 a.e.. 6 oktyabrya 2020 goda proizoidet sblizhenie Marsa s Zemlei do 0,415 a.e., a 13 oktyabrya nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na vechernem i nochnom nebe bliz Saturna. Vyshe 68 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 44 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,44 - 4,52 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na avgust i KN na sentyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,3m, a uglovoi diametr - 18 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 9,23 do 9,31 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,30 do 19,20 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m), uchastvuya v parade planet. Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 28,94 do 28,92 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 1 Sep 2020 22h50m09.56s -24 07.038' 2.982 1.999 7.7 164.0 31.91 246.0 Aqr 6 Sep 2020 22h45m54.08s -24 30.965' 2.982 2.008 7.7 161.6 30.90 249.4 Aqr Vesta (4) 1 Sep 2020 8h45m34.91s +19 17.537' 2.507 3.328 8.4 30.1 64.57 102.0 Cnc 6 Sep 2020 8h54m27.52s +18 50.072' 2.504 3.291 8.4 32.8 64.23 102.6 Cnc Flora (8) 1 Sep 2020 2h50m51.59s + 6 49.126' 1.878 1.202 9.3 116.0 32.82 92.9 Cet 6 Sep 2020 2h54m54.39s + 6 43.867' 1.875 1.157 9.2 119.8 27.60 97.5 Cet Fortuna (19) 1 Sep 2020 23h23m55.29s - 1 36.720' 2.156 1.160 9.6 167.5 31.99 245.1 Psc 6 Sep 2020 23h19m54.14s - 2 05.030' 2.150 1.145 9.4 173.3 34.41 244.6 Psc Massaliya (20) 1 Sep 2020 22h25m48.58s - 8 52.609' 2.582 1.574 9.7 176.1 37.04 247.8 Aqr 6 Sep 2020 22h21m13.71s - 9 20.246' 2.575 1.576 9.9 170.1 36.04 247.8 Aqr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii avgusta i sentyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na avgust i KN na sentyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
31 avgusta i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov v srednih shirotah.
01 sentyabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Aurigidy (ZHR= 6) iz sozvezdiya Voznichego.
02 sentyabrya, 05 chasov 22 minuty - Polnolunie.
03 sentyabrya, 17 chasov 03 minuty - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,98-) zvezdy 30 Ryb (4,4m) pri vidimosti v vostochnoi polovine strany.
04 sentyabrya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda SS Zmeenosca 7,5m bliz maksimuma bleska.
05 sentyabrya, 23 chasa 59 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,87-) zvezdy nyu Ryb (4,5m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti strany (6,5m).
06 sentyabrya, 06 chasov 31 minuta - Luna (F= 0,85-) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405606 km ot centra Zemli.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 09 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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