Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 8 po 14 iyulya 2019 goda5.07.2019 6:25 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 8 iyulya Merkurii proidet v 4 gradusah yuzhnee Marsa, a 9 iyulya Luna (F= 0,54+) proidet bliz Spiki. V etot zhe den' Saturn vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. 10 iyulya Luna (F= 0,65+) proidet bliz Spiki, a 13 iyulya pri faze 0,9+ - bliz Yupitera. Krome etogo, prodolzhaetsya period poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta v srednih shirotah strany, a Mars vtoruyu polovinu nedeli budet nahodit'sya v zvezdnom skoplenii Yasli (M44).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 55 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 17 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca imeet znachenie 31,46 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 9 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca i Strel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,3+ do 0,95+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Devy. Zdes' 9 iyulya Luna primet fazu pervoi chetverti, i v etot zhe den' (F= 0,54+) proidet severnee Spiki. 10 iyulya pri faze 0,65+ Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov i probudet zdes' do 12 iyulya, uvelichiv fazu do 0,83+. V sozvezdii Skorpiona yarkii lunnyi disk pobyvaet 13 iyulya, pereidya v etot zhe den' v sozvezdie Zmeenosca pri faze 0,86+, nablyudayas' na nochnom nebe nizko nad gorizontom levee Yupitera, s kotorym maksimal'no sblizitsya 13 iyulya pri faze 0,9+. 14 iyulya yarkaya Luna (F= 0,95+) pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca, gde proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora pri faze 0,99+ 15 iyulya. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Mars vidny v luchah zahodyashego Solnca, Veneru eshe mozhno naiti v luchah voshodyashego Solnca, a Yupiter i Saturn vidny vsyu noch'. Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Africano (C/2018 W2) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Zhirafa s bleskom slabee 12m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (7,9m) v sozvezdii Vesov i Vesta (8,2m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: V Lebedya 9,1m - 9 iyulya, S Orla 8,9m - 10 iyulya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Spika, Luna Antares, Luna - Yupiter, Luna - Saturn, Merkurii - Yasli (M44), Mars - Yasli (M44), Yupiter - Antares, Merkurii - Mars, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, Pallada - Arktur.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 8 iyulya - v 1842 godu, 9 iyulya - 1945 godu, 10 iyulya - v 1972 godu, 11 iyulya - v 2010 godu, 12 iyulya - v 1684 godu, 13 iyulya - v 0595 godu, 14 iyulya - v 1768 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 10 iyulya (10 zatmenii !), a men'she vsego - 13 iyulya (3 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Raka. Merkurii viden v luchah zahodyashego Solnca bliz Marsa. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya k koncu nedeli do 12 gradusov. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' nebol'shoi serp s uglovymi razmerami okolo 11 sekund dugi pri bleske, kotoryi snizhaetsya ot +2m do +3m i faze 0,15 - 0,05. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,63 do 0,58 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . 11 noyabrya 2019 goda Merkurii proidet po disku Solnca. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Venera vidna v luchah voshodyashego Solnca v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi disk planety bez detalei, a elongaciya ee sostavlyaet okolo 10 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze blizkoi k 1,0. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 1,71 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Raka. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v luchah zahodyashego Solnca bliz Merkuriya. Blesk Marsa priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,8m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet menee 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk (samyi malen'kii iz vseh yarkih planet). Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,59 do 2,61 a.e.. 27 iyulya 2018 goda Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Sleduyushee protivostoyanie, blizkoe k velikomu, proizoidet 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya budet dostigat' 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa. Yupiter nablyudaetsya vsyu noch'. Eto samyi blagopriyatnyi period v godu dlya nablyudenii planety, hotya Yupiter kul'miniruet v srednih shirotah nevysoko nad gorizontom, a vyshe severnogo polyarnogo kruga sovsem ne viden. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 44,5 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,4m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,38 - 4,43 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' vsyu noch'. On nahoditsya okolo protivostoyaniya s Solncem, kotoroe nastupit 9 iyulya. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie 0m, a uglovoi diametr priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 18,4 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 9,03 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,17 do 20,06 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu v periody luchshei vidimosti mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom (osen'yu etogo goda). Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,46 do 29,36 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 11 Jul 2019 15h53m51.76s -19 08.306' 2.797 2.011 8.0 132.2 10.81 227.3 Lib 16 Jul 2019 15h53m03.80s -19 23.541' 2.801 2.066 8.1 127.3 8.58 203.0 Lib Pallada (2) 11 Jul 2019 13h42m12.18s +20 13.212' 2.760 2.609 9.5 87.6 32.07 128.1 Boo 16 Jul 2019 13h45m57.93s +19 32.920' 2.772 2.679 9.6 84.5 34.55 126.4 Boo Vesta (4) 11 Jul 2019 2h45m38.62s + 9 10.233' 2.468 2.690 8.2 66.5 52.22 76.7 Cet 16 Jul 2019 2h52m24.07s + 9 33.171' 2.472 2.636 8.1 69.6 50.35 77.5 Cet Evnomiya (15) 11 Jul 2019 21h44m38.45s - 7 23.853' 2.471 1.590 9.0 141.9 20.40 302.8 Aqr 16 Jul 2019 21h42m00.80s - 7 03.083' 2.461 1.546 8.9 147.0 23.99 293.8 Aqr Psiheya (16) 11 Jul 2019 21h23m19.57s -13 28.806' 2.751 1.828 10.0 149.2 18.49 247.4 Aqr 16 Jul 2019 21h20m44.17s -13 44.373' 2.745 1.792 9.9 154.6 22.32 247.7 Aqr Mel'pomena (18) 11 Jul 2019 18h28m34.72s - 9 35.747' 2.244 1.253 9.2 162.6 39.83 251.1 Sct 16 Jul 2019 18h23m37.04s -10 03.261' 2.231 1.254 9.3 158.6 38.33 247.6 Sct Laetitia (39) 11 Jul 2019 21h59m06.47s - 5 55.574' 2.559 1.711 10.2 138.0 10.65 223.1 Aqr 16 Jul 2019 21h57m50.67s - 6 13.543' 2.555 1.667 10.0 143.2 15.44 228.6 Aqr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyunya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
08 iyulya, vecher - Merkurii prohodit v 4 gradusah yuzhnee Marsa.
09 iyulya, 10 chasov 55 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
10 iyulya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,65+) bliz Spiki.
11 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Orla dostigaet maksimuma bleska (7,5m).
12 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov.
13 iyulya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,9+) bliz Yupitera
14 iyulya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,95+) bliz Saturna.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 11 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 11 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 11 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N7 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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