Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 30 aprelya po 6 maya 2018 goda27.04.2018 10:56 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele Luna v faze polnoluniya proidet bliz Yupitera, a dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Malogo L'va dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m). 4 maya Luna (F= 0,78-) proidet bliz Saturna v maksimal'nom sklonenii k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 6 maya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka eta-Akvaridy (chasovoe zenitnoe chislo - 40 meteorov). V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,7-) sblizitsya s Marsom i proidet apogei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404460 km ot centra Zemli.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 52 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 15 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period umen'shitsya do 31,71 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 30 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca i Kozeroga, izmenyaya fazu ot 1,0 do 0,6- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii do serediny nedeli, a zatem uvelichivaya. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vesov bliz Yupitera pri polnoi faze. V pervyi den' maya yarkaya Luna pobyvaet v sozvezdii Skorpiona, a na sleduyushii den' pereidet vo vladeniya sozvezdiya Zmeenosca, proidya zdes' severnee Antaresa i nablyudayas' nizko nad yuzhnym gorizontom. V sozvezdie Strel'ca nochnoe svetilo (F=0,87-) vstupit 3 maya, gde na sleduyushii den' proidet severnee Saturna pri faze okolo 0,78- bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. Severnee Marsa lunnyi oval proidet 5 maya pri faze 0,7-, a na sleduyushii den' pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Faza Luny na tekushii moment. Fazy Luny na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Venera yarko siyaet na fone vechernei zari. Merkurii viden v luchah voshodyashego Solnca, no tol'ko v yuzhnyh raionah strany. Mars i Saturn vidny v utrennie chasy, Yupiter nablyudaetsya noch'yu i utrom, a Uran i Neptun mozhno naiti v utrennih sumerkah. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica C/2016 R2 ( PanSTARRS ) vidna v sozvezdii Voznichego, imeya blesk slabee 12m. Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2016 M1) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Orla pri bleske okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi i udobnymi dlya nablyudenii na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (8,4m) v sozvezdii Raka i Vesta (6,4m) v sozvezdii Strel'ca. Vestu v yuzhnyh raionah pri blagopriyatnyh usloviyah mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: T Eridana 8,0m - 30 aprelya, T Bliznecov 8,7m - 1 maya, RR Zmeenosca 8,9m - 1 maya, R Pechi 8,9m - 2 maya, R Malogo L'va 7,1m - 3 maya, S Orla 8,9m - 4 maya, RU Lebedya 8,0m - 4 maya, S Vodoleya 8,3m - 5 maya.
Iz osnovnyh meteornyh potokov aktivnymi budut eta-Akvaridy.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - M44, Luna - Regul, Luna - Yupiter, Mars - Saturn, Saturn - Vesta, Yupiter - al'fa Vesov, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 30 aprelya - v 1688 godu, 01 maya - v 1185 godu, 02 maya - v 1212 godu, 03 maya - v 1753 godu, 04 maya - v 0813 godu, 05 maya - v 1380 godu, 06 maya - v 1883 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 01 maya (7 zatmenii!), a men'she vsego 2 maya (2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Astronomicheskie yavleniya proshlogo i tekushego stoletii imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, no nablyudeniya ego v severnyh i srednih shirotah ves'ma zatrudneny iz-za nizkogo polozheniya nad gorizontom, hotya elongaciya planety v nachale nedeli dostigaet 27 gradusov. Uglovye razmery planety sostavlyayut okolo 7 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo 0m i faze, dostigayushei 0,5. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,84 do 0,95 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Venera nahoditsya na vechernem nebe, postepenno otdalyayas' ot Solnca do 28,5 gradusov k koncu nedeli. Prodolzhitel'nost' vidimosti planety sostavlyaet bolee 2 chasov. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 11,7 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet -4,0m pri faze okolo 0,9. V teleskop nablyudaetsya nebol'shoi disk bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,46 do 1,42 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Mars mozhno nablyudat' okolo dvuh chasov po utram v yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba (bliz Saturna). Blesk planety dostigaet -0,5m, a vidimyi diametr - 11,7 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s detalyami poverhnosti planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,86 do 0,80 a.e. V etom godu 27 iyulya Mars dostignet velikogo protivostoyaniya (raz v 17 let). Stat'ya ob etom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy al'fa Vesov. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe okolo semi chasov. Uglovoi diametr planety dostigaet 44,8 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,4m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli k koncu nedeli 4,40 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel' i KN na mai. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na utrennem nebe bolee dvuh chasov. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,3m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 17,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 9,52 do 9,42 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,9, d= 3,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem v sozvezdii Ovna (u granic s sozvezdiem Kita i Ryb), bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu do 20,85 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,52 do 30,42 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty .
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 1 May 2018 9h04m16.45s +28 17.808' 2.558 2.353 8.4 89.9 36.94 117.5 Cnc 5 May 2018 9h08m22.16s +27 49.996' 2.558 2.402 8.4 87.1 39.22 116.9 Cnc Pallada (2) 1 May 2018 5h15m53.03s - 3 00.399' 2.182 2.784 9.1 44.4 79.51 74.6 Ori 5 May 2018 5h24m07.19s - 2 27.506' 2.177 2.803 9.1 43.0 80.12 75.6 Ori Vesta (4) 1 May 2018 18h18m32.60s -17 34.983' 2.152 1.403 6.5 125.7 9.08 101.8 Sgr 5 May 2018 18h19m16.55s -17 38.480' 2.152 1.366 6.4 129.4 4.85 121.5 Sgr Evnomiya(15) 1 May 2018 14h47m06.97s -32 41.574' 3.115 2.142 9.8 161.9 32.16 287.9 Cen 5 May 2018 14h43m13.20s -32 24.387' 3.113 2.132 9.8 163.7 33.00 290.6 Cen a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli.
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya i maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
30 aprelya, 00 chasov 58 minut - Polnolunie.
01 maya, 18 chasov 12 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,95-) zvezdy 49 Vesov (5,5m).
02 maya, vecher - Venera prohodit v 6 gr. severnee Al'debarana.
03 maya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Malogo L'va bliz maksimuma bleska (6m).
04 maya, utro - Luna (F= 0,78-) bliz Saturna.
05 maya, vecher - Meteornyi potok eta-Akvaridy (chasovoe zenitnoe chislo - 40 meteorov) bliz maksimuma deistviya.
06 maya, 00 chasov 33 minuty - Luna (F= 0,7-) prohodit apogei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404460 km ot centra Zemli.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 3 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 3 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 3 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N04 i 05 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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