Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 11 po 17 sentyabrya 2006 goda8.09.2006 20:15 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Sentyabr' mesyac ves'ma bogat na interesnye astronomicheskie yavleniya, a na etoi nedele proizoidet ocherednoe v 2006 godu pokrytie rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady Lunoi. V noch' s 12 na 13 sentyabrya eto yavlenie budet vidimo na Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii i v Sibiri, yavlyayas' odnim iz samyh blagopriyatnyh dlya Rossii pokrytii iz vsei serii 2006 goda. V Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii yavlenie nachnetsya okolo 23 chasov po moskovskomu letnemu vremeni, pokryv zvezdu Meropa, a zakonchitsya cherez dva s nebol'shim chasa otkrytiem zvezd Pleiona i Atlas. Samaya yarkaya zvezda skopleniya (Al'ciona) pokroetsya v 00 chasov 03 minuty v Moskve i v 00 chasov 12 minut v S.-Peterburge. Faza Luny vo vremya yavleniya sostavit 0,61. Zvezdy nachnut pokryvat'sya svetlym kraem lunnogo diska, a otkrytie budet proishodit' na temnom ee krayu. Bol'shaya faza i yarkost' Luny zametno snizyat effektnost' zrelisha, no, tem ne menee, uvidet' pokrytie srazu 4 dostatochno yarkih zvezd redkaya udacha. Pronablyudaite eto zamechatel'noe yavlenie! V techenie nedeli Luna posetit sozvezdiya Ovna, Tel'ca i Bliznecov. Eshe odno yavlenie budet dostupno v yuzhnyh raionah strany dlya nablyudatelei planet. 15 sentyabrya v 22 chasa 40 minut po moskovskomu letnemu vremeni planety Merkurii (-0,6m) i Mars (+1,8m) sblizyatsya drug s drugom do 0,14 gr. v sozvezdii Devy v 12 gradusah ot Solnca. Yavlenie mozhno budet nablyudat' na vechernem nebe vskore posle zahoda Solnca. Vidimye diametry planet budut priblizitel'no odinakovy (4 - 5 ugl. sek.), hotya Mars budet dal'she Merkuriya na 1,24 a.e.. Venera i Saturn nablyudayutsya na utrennem nebosvode. Yupiter mozhno otyskat' vecherom u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta. Uran viden vsyu noch' v sozvezdii Vodoleya na rasstoyanii 1 gradusa vostochnee zvezdy lyambda (3,7m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' v sozvezdii Kozeroga (v 1 graduse severnee zvezdy iota etogo sozvezdiya). Teper' lyubiteli astronomii mogut naiti nevooruzhennym glazom i v binokl' vse 8 bol'shih planet Solnechnoi sistemy, t.k. s 24 avgusta 2006 goda Pluton schitaetsya karlikovoi planetoi! Periodicheskaya kometa P/Barnard (177P), po-prezhnemu, dostupna srednim i krupnym lyubitel'skim teleskopam. Blesk ee ostaetsya stabil'nym (10m), a s nastupleniem temnoty ee mozhno nablyudat' pryamo nad golovoi bliz Golovy Drakona. Kometa P/Faye (4P), ne smotrya na slabyi blesk (12m), tozhe nablyudaetsya lyubitelyami astronomii. Na etoi nedele k nim dobavitsya eshe odna hvostataya gost'ya - SWAN (C/2006 M4). Nablyudateli peremennyh zvezd mogut nablyudat' hi Lebedya, kotoraya vidna nevooruzhennym glazom. V nachale nedeli asteroidom 395 Delia pokroetsya zvezda 9,7m iz sozvezdiya Bliznecov. Vidimost' yavleniya budet blagopriyatna v yuzhnoi Sibiri. Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavit 37 gradusov. V tablice privodyatsya momenty nachala i konca grazhdanskih (Grzh.) i navigacionnyh (Nav.) sumerek, a tak zhe voshod, zahod Solnca i dolgota dnya dlya Moskvy. Vremya letnee.
data Nav. Grzh. Voshod Zahod Grzh. Noch' Dol.dnya 11 05:28 06:07 06:53 19:58 20:43 21:21 13:04 12 05:31 06:09 06:55 19:55 20:40 21:18 13:00 13 05:33 06:11 06:56 19:52 20:37 21:16 12:55 14 05:35 06:13 06:58 19:50 20:35 21:13 12:51 15 05:37 06:15 07:00 19:47 20:32 21:10 12:46 16 05:39 06:17 07:02 19:44 20:29 21:07 12:42 17 05:42 06:19 07:04 19:42 20:26 21:04 12:37
Vidimyi diametr Solnca sostavlyaet 31 minutu 47 sekund. Dnevnoe svetilo nahoditsya v sozvezdii L'va, a 17 sentyabrya pereidet v sozvezdie Devy.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 14 sentyabrya. V tablice ukazany momenty voshoda, verhnei kul'minacii, zahoda, vysota verhnei kul'minacii, faza, radius i ekvatorial'nye koordinaty Luny na moment verhnei kul'minacii dlya Moskvy. Vremya letnee.
data Vosh VK Zahod VKg. faza radius koordinaty (VK) 11 20:40 04:09 12:18 +49o 0,85 16'23" 01:59,9 +15o04' 12 20:56 05:04 13:57 +55o 0,76 16'09" 02:58,3 +20o47' 13 21:20 06:00 15:31 +59o 0,65 15'53" 03:58,7 +25o01' 14 22:01 06:58 16:51 +62o 0,54 15'38" 05:00,5 +27o33' 15 23:02 07:55 17:48 +62o 0,43 15'24" 06:02,1 +28o17' 16 - 08:51 18:23 +61o 0,33 15'12" 07:01,8 +27o18' 17 00:19 09:43 18:44 +59o 0,23 15'02" 07:58,2 +24o49'
Ubyvayushaya Luna na etoi nedele ne budet sblizhat'sya s planetami.
Merkurii. Planeta bystro peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Devy, udalyas' ot Solnca na nebosvode. K koncu nedeli elongaciya k vostoku dostignet 14 gradusov, i planeta pri bleske 0,5m stanet dostupna dlya nablyudenii v binokl' v yuzhnyh raionah strany. Naiti ee mozhno budet vskore posle zahoda Solnca ochen' nizko nad gorizontom u tochki zapada. V etot period Merkurii ves'ma udalen ot Zemli (na 1,38 a.e.), poetomu vidimyi diametr ego nebol'shoi (okolo 5 uglovyh sekund). Faza blizka k 1,0. 15 sentyabrya planeta tesno sblizitsya s Marsom.
Venera. Planeta nahodit'sya v sozvezdii L'va, postepenno sblizhayas' s Solncem, uglovoe rasstoyanie do kotorogo sokratitsya na etoi nedele do 11 gradusov. Tem ne menee, blagodarya bol'shoi yarkosti (-3,7m), Venera vidna nezadolgo do voshoda Solnca v vide yarkoi zvezdy nizko nad gorizontom pravee tochki vostoka. Nevooruzhennym glazom ona vidna okolo poluchasa. V teleskop otchetlivo viden disk bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Vidimyi diametr Venery raven 10 uglovym sekundam. Faza planety blizka k 1,0.
Mars. Planeta nahoditsya v sozvezdii Devy na uglovom rasstoyanii ot Solnca 12 gradusov. Usloviya vidimosti Marsa ochen' neblagopriyatny iz-za malogo bleska (+1,8m), a otyskat' ego mozhno lish' v sil'nyi binokl' nizko nad zapadnym gorizontom v luchah vechernei zari, da i to lish' v samyh yuzhnyh raionah strany. Vidimyi diametr Marsa sostavlyaet okolo 4 uglovyh sekund. 15 sentyabrya planeta tesno sblizitsya s Merkuriem.
Yupiter. Samaya bol'shaya planeta vidna po vecheram v sozvezdii Vesov nevysoko nad yugo-zapadnym gorizontom, a v nachale nedeli sblizitsya so zvezdoi al'fa Vesov do vidimogo diametra Luny. Pri bleske -1,7m i vidimom diametre 33 uglovyh sekundy, Yupiter yavlyaetsya samym dostupnym ob'ektom sredi planet dlya teleskopicheskih nablyudenii, no vremeni na eto ostaetsya okolo poluchasa. V sisteme sputnikov proishodyat yavleniya (zatmeniya, prohozhdeniya i t.p.), svedeniya o kotoryh mozhno naiti v KN na sentyabr'.
Saturn. Po prodolzhitel'nosti vidimosti sredi yarkih planet Saturn zanimaet lidiruyushee polozhenie. Ego mozhno nablyudat' po utram nad vostochnym gorizontom uzhe bolee dvuh s polovinoi chasov. V vide yarkoi zvezdy (+0,6m) gazovyi gigant medlenno peremeshaetsya otnositel'no zvezd v storonu zvezdy Regul (al'fa L'va), uglovoe rasstoyanie do kotoroi sostavlyaet okolo 10 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Saturna, ravnyi 16 uglovym sekundam, pozvolyaet provodit' poleznye teleskopicheskie nablyudeniya i fotografirovat' planetu. Dostatochno bol'shoe raskrytie kol'ca daet vozmozhnost' razglyadet' shel' Kassini, a v bolee krupnye instrumenty i delenie Enke. Iz sputnikov mozhno nablyudat' Titan i eshe neskol'ko lun bleskom okolo 10m.
Uran. Planeta nahoditsya bliz protivostoyaniya s Solncem (m=+5,9, d= 3,6 ugl. sek.), poetomu ee mozhno nablyudat' vsyu noch' (v sozvezdii Vodoleya) v 25 gradusah vostochnee Neptuna i v 1 graduse vostochnee zvezdy lyambda Vodoleya. V teleskop s uvelicheniem 80-100 krat razlichim zelenovatyi disk Urana. Zorkie lyudi mogut nablyudat' Uran i nevooruzhennym glazom, i na etoi nedele eto mozhno budet sdelat' v pervuyu polovinu nochi.
Neptun. Planeta (m=+7,8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) nablyudaetsya vsyu noch' v yuzhnoi chasti neba (v 1 graduse severnee zvezdy iota Kozeroga), i mozhet byt' naidena v binokl'. Golubovatyi disk Neptuna razlichim pri uvelichenii ot 120 krat.
Pluton. Uzhe ne klassicheskaya, a karlikovaya planeta (+14m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Zmei okolo zvezdy ksi etogo sozvezdiya. Nablyudat' Pluton mozhno v vechernee vremya v yugo-zapadnoi chasti nebosvoda v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva 250-300 mm (pri prozrachnom nebe) i vyshe.
Asteroidy. Na etoi nedele lyubiteli astronomii smogut nablyudat' 6 asteroidov do 10m.
1 Cerera (m=8,2) - v sozvezdii Mikroskopa, 6 Geba (m=8,3) - v sozvezdii Kozeroga, 2 Pallada (m=9,6) - v sozvezdii Zmeenosca, 7 Iris (m=8,0) - v sozvezdii Ovna, 15 Evnomiya (m=8,8) - v sozvezdii Strel'ca i 68 Leto (m=9,6) - v sozvezdii Vodoleya.
Komety. Iz komet, dostupnyh srednim i krupnym lyubitel'skim teleskopam, v sozvezdii Ovna budet nablyudat'sya kometa P/Faye (4P) s bleskom 12m. Kometa P/Barnard (177P) imeet blesk okolo 10m, i peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Drakona. Poka eto - samaya dostupnaya dlya nablyudenii kometa na nebosvode Rossii. Eshe odna nebesnaya gost'ya - SWAN (C/2006 M4) - vidna po utram v sozvezdii L'va. No usloviya ee nablyudenii poka malo blagopriyatny iz-za dostatochno nizkogo bleska (9,0m) i nebol'shogo uglovogo udaleniya (20 gradusov k severu) ot Solnca. Tem ne menee, kometa postepenno uvelichivaet svoi blesk i podnimaetsya vse vyshe v severnoe polusharie neba. Luna vo vtoroi polovine nochi budet zasvechivat' nebo i pomeshaet nablyudeniyam diffuznyh nebesnyh ob'ektov.
Karty vidimosti i efemeridy planet, komet i asteroidov imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr' i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2006 god.
Osnovnye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli.
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya moskovskoe. Esli privoditsya vsemirnoe vremya (UT), to eto ukazyvaetsya v yavlenii. Ostal'nye yavleniya mesyaca opisany v KN na sentyabr', a o yavleniyah goda mozhno uznat' iz Astronomicheskogo kalendarya na 2006 god.
11 sentyabrya, 19 chasov 24 minuty (UT) - Pokrytie zvezdy TYC1880-01194-1u asteroidom 395 Delia. (KN na sentyabr') 12 sentyabrya, vecher - Yupiter sblizhaetsya so zvezdoi al'fa Vesov do 0,53 gr. (k severu ot nee). 12 sentyabrya, 23 chasa 15 minut - Pokrytie zvezdy 17 Tel'ca (3,7m) Lunoi (F=0,68). 13 sentyabrya, 00 chasov 03 minuty - Pokrytie rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady Lunoi (F=0,68). 14 sentyabrya, 15 chasov 16 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti v sozvezdii Tel'ca. 15 sentyabrya, vecher - Merkurii bliz Marsa (na 11 uglovyh minut k yugu). 16 sentyabrya, utro - Nachalo utrennei vidimosti komety SWAN (C/2006 M4). 17 sentyabrya, utro - Luna prohodit v 2,5 gr. yuzhnee zvezdy Polluks (beta Bliznecov).
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
Vid vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 14 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Polozheniya Luny dany s 11 po 16 sentyabrya.
Vid vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 17 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Venery i Saturna v teleskop.
Vid yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba 17 sentyabrya cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Yupitera v teleskop.
Luna i Pleyady 12 sentyabrya v 23 chasa po moskovskomu letnemu vremeni. (Evropeiskaya chast' Rossii). Karta vidimosti pokrytiya Pleyad Lunoi.
Mars i Merkurii 15 sentyabrya v 20 chasov po moskovskomu letnemu vremeni.
Na vseh risunkah dlya gorodov severnee i yuzhnee Moskvy nebesnye tela budut raspolagat'sya v ukazannoe vremya, sootvetstvenno, neskol'ko nizhe i vyshe (na raznicu shirot) otnositel'no ih mest na nebosvode Moskvy. Polozheniya planet na risunkah priblizitel'no odinakovy v techenie vsei nedeli v ukazannoe vremya.
Obstoyatel'stva pokrytiya Pleyad Lunoi v noch' s 12 na 13 sentyabrya (vremya moskovskoe letnee)
Gorod pokrytie vysota otkrytie vysota
Luny Luny
Abakan 00:33 55 01:17 59
Arhangel'sk 00:18 26 01:12 32
Astrahan' 23:46 24 00:43 33
Afiny 23:40 03 00:30 11
Bagdad 23:28 14 00:19 24
Barnaul 00:20 50 01:12 56
Belgorod 23:54 18 00:48 27
Berezniki 00:09 33 01:10 40
Biisk 00:22 52 01:11 57
Bonn 00:08 08 00:49 13
Bratsk 00:51 57 01:30 58
Brest 00:01 12 00:49 19
Bryansk 23:59 19 00:52 26
V_Novgorod 00:09 20 00:59 26
Varshava 00:03 11 00:49 18
Vitebsk 00:04 17 00:54 24
Vladikavkaz 23:41 20 00:37 30
Vladimir 00:03 23 00:58 31
Volgograd 23:50 22 00:47 31
Vologda 00:09 24 01:03 31
Vorkuta 00:26 35 01:27 40
Voronezh 23:55 20 00:50 29
Vyatka 00:07 29 01:06 36
Gomel' 23:59 16 00:50 24
gora Otorten 00:15 34 01:16 41
Gorno-Altaisk 00:23 53 01:09 58
Grinvich 00:21 05 00:55 09
Groznyi 23:41 20 00:37 30
Grodno 00:04 13 00:51 20
Dudinka 00:39 42 01:42 44
Ekaterinburg 00:06 35 01:08 43
Ivanovo 00:04 24 01:00 31
Izhevsk 00:04 30 01:04 38
'oshkar_Ola 00:03 27 01:01 35
Kaliningrad 00:07 12 00:52 18
Kair 23:27 02 00:17 12
Kabul(Az) 23:54 40 00:06 42
Kazan' 00:02 28 01:00 36
Kaluga 00:01 20 00:54 28
Kemerovo 00:25 51 01:19 56
Kislovodsk 23:42 19 00:38 28
Kirovskii 23:45 23 00:42 33
Kostroma 00:06 24 01:01 31
Krasnodar 23:44 17 00:39 26
Krasnoyarsk 00:35 54 01:25 57
Kudymkar 00:08 32 01:08 39
Kursk 23:56 19 00:50 27
Kurgan 00:06 38 01:07 46
Kyzyl 00:43 59 01:08 61
Lipeck 23:57 21 00:52 29
London 00:15 01 00:50 06
Maikop 23:44 17 00:39 27
Magnitogorsk 23:59 33 01:00 42
Mahachkala 23:40 22 00:37 32
Minsk 00:03 15 00:52 22
Mogilev 00:02 17 00:52 24
Moskva 00:03 21 00:57 29
Murmansk 00:28 24 01:17 28
Nazran' 23:41 20 00:37 30
Nal'chik 23:41 19 00:37 29
Naberezhnye_Chelny 00:02 30 01:02 38
Nar'yan_Mar 00:24 31 01:22 36
Nizhnevartovsk 00:21 43 01:24 49
Nizhnii_Novgorod 00:03 25 00:59 33
Nizhnii Tagil 00:08 34 01:09 42
Novokuzneck 00:26 52 01:15 57
Novosibirsk 00:20 49 01:16 55
Noril'sk 00:40 42 01:44 44
Odessa 23:49 13 00:41 21
Omsk 00:10 43 01:11 50
Orenburg 23:56 30 00:56 39
Orel 23:58 19 00:52 27
Orsk 23:56 33 00:56 42
Oslo 00:21 12 00:59 16
Parizh 00:10 00 00:47 05
Perm' 00:07 32 01:07 40
Petrozavodsk 00:14 22 01:05 28
Penza 23:57 25 00:54 33
Pskov 00:09 18 00:58 24
Reik'yavik - 01:10 06
Rim - 00:37 06
Riga 00:09 15 00:56 21
Rostov_na_Donu 23:48 19 00:43 28
Rossiya_Srednyaya 00:04 34 01:06 42
Ryazan' 00:00 22 00:55 30
s_Kamyshlinka 23:59 29 00:59 38
Samarkand 23:47 37 00:30 45
Samara 23:57 28 00:56 36
Salehard 00:25 37 01:27 42
Saransk 23:59 25 00:56 33
Saratov 23:54 24 00:52 33
Sankt-Peterburg 00:12 20 01:01 26
Sevastopol' 23:45 13 00:38 22
Serov 00:11 35 01:12 42
Smolensk 00:03 18 00:54 25
Sofiya 23:47 06 00:36 14
Sochi 23:42 17 00:37 26
Stavropol' 23:44 19 00:40 28
Stokgol'm 00:16 14 00:59 19
Surgut 00:20 41 01:23 47
Syktyvkar 00:13 30 01:11 37
Tambov 23:57 22 00:53 30
Tbilisi 23:39 19 00:34 29
Tver' 00:05 21 00:58 28
Tegeran 23:32 21 00:23 31
Tel'-Aviv 23:28 06 00:19 16
Tomsk 00:24 49 01:21 55
Tol'yatti 23:58 27 00:57 36
Tripoli - 00:27 01
Tula 00:00 21 00:54 28
Tura 00:46 49 -
Tyumen' 00:08 38 01:11 45
Ul'yanovsk 23:59 27 00:58 35
Ust'_Ilimsk 00:51 56 01:36 56
Ufa 00:01 32 01:02 40
Uhta 00:17 32 01:16 38
Hanty_Mansiisk 00:17 39 01:20 46
Hel'sinki 00:14 18 01:01 23
Chelyabinsk 00:03 35 01:05 43
Cheboksary 00:02 27 01:00 35
Cherkessk 23:43 18 00:39 28
Elista 23:46 21 00:42 30
Yaroslavl' 00:06 23 01:00 31
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N9 za 2006 god, AstroKA ; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 i AK 4.06
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lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nablyudeniya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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