Sovremennaya astronomiya i metodika ee prepodavaniya

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KOSMIChESKIE POLETY K KOMETAM

Churyumov K.I.

Kievskii nacional'nyi universitet im. T.G.Shevchenko, Kiev, Ukraina
klim.churyumov@observ.univ.kiev.ua

Komety - svidetel'nicy i uchastnicy kosmologicheskih processov, rezul'tatom kotoryh yavilos' formirovanie Solnca, planet i drugih tel Solnechnoi sistemy. Ih yadra soderzhat pervorodnoe veshestvo materinskoi tumannosti. Kosmicheskie polety k kometam igrayut vazhnuyu rol' dlya neposredstvennogo issledovaniya veshestva komet (sm. tablicu). Missiya "International Comet Explorer" (ICE) k komete 21P/Giacobini-Zinner v sentyabre 1985 g. dala pervye pryamye dannye o parametrah magnitnogo polya i plazmy etoi komety. S pomosh'yu missii VEGA-GIOTTO-SUISEI-SAKEGAKI-ICE k komete Galleya v marte 1986 g. byli vpervye polucheny pryamye dannye o yadre, himicheskom sostave, fizicheskih parametrah ionizirovannogo i neitral'nogo gaza i tverdyh chastic i drugie harakteristiki etoi komety. Mnozhestvo interesnyh nauchnyh dannyh bylo polucheno s borta ICE probe (kometa 26P/Grigg-Skjelerupp), NEW MILLENIUM DS-1 probe (Comet 19P/Borrelly, Sep. 23, 2001 – prekrasnye izobrazheniya yadra komety), STARDUST vehicle (kometa 81P/Wild 2 , 8 fevralya 2004 g.). Polety k kometam kak uzhe sostoyavshiesya, tak i gotovyashiesya, segodnya imeyut ogromnoe znachenie. V nastoyashee vremya gotovyatsya sleduyushie proekty:

1. DEEP IMPACT – missiya k komete kometa 9P/Tempel 1 (data zapuska iyul' 2005);

2. ROSETTA – missiya k komete 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (zapusk sostoyalsya 28 fevralya 2004). Rosetta zapushena k komete 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko evropeiskoi raketoi Arian-5P1+. Soglasno proektu Rosetta podoidet k komete v rezul'tate slozhnyh kosmicheskih manevrov, vklyuchayushih oblast' Marsa. Vstrecha s kometoi sostoitsya v 2014 g. nedaleko ot Yupitera, posle chego kosmicheskii apparat budet soprovozhdat' kometu pri dvizhenii k Solncu.

Tablica. Kosmicheskie missii k yadram komet

Missiya	Kometa (raschetnoe vremya vstrechi)
International Comet Explorer (ICE)	21P/Giacobini- Zinner (Sentyabr' 1985)
VEGA-1 VEGA-2 JOTTO SUISEI SAKEGAKI ICE	1P/ Galleya (Mart 1986)
ICE	26P/Grigg-Skjelerupp
New Millenium DS-1	9P/Borrelli (23 sentyabrya 2001)
STARDUST	81P/Wild 2 (2 yanvarya 2004)
Deep Impact	9P/Tempel 1 (Iyul' 2005)
ROSETTA	67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Avgust 2014)

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