The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Tesnye dvoinye sistemy
(Arhiv Tesnye dvoinye: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
Authors: Pietro Ubertini on behalf of the IBIS Survey Team
Comments: 6 pages
Kompaktnyi, ochen' nasyshennyi obzor, posvyashennyi istochnikam, obnaruzhennym na sputnike INTEGRAL. V nebol'shom ob'eme summirovany vse osnovnye dannye po 421 istochniku, obnaruzhennym v diapazone ot 17 do 100 keV i vklyuchennym v tretii katalog INTEGRAL/IBIS. Dany harakteristiki raznyh klasov ob'ektov i tp.
Authors: James Miller-Jones
Comments: 10 pages. To appear in proceedings of "The Universe under the Microscope - Astrophysics at High Angular Resolution" (Bad Honnef, Germany, April 2008), eds. R. Schoedel, A. Eckart, S. Pfalzner, and E. Ros, published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by Institute of Physics Publishing
Opisany rezul'taty nablyudenii s pomosh'yu VLBI. Rassmatrivayutsya sistemy s raznymi kompaktnymi ob'ektami: belymi karlikami, neitronnymi zvezdami, chernymi dyrami. Vo vremya vspyshek nekotorye iz tesnyh dvoinyh sistem s kompaktnymi ob'ektami stanovyatsya ochen' yarkimi (neskol'ko yanskih) radioistochnikami, i ih davno i uspeshno issleduyut metodami interferometrii so sverhdlinnoi bazoi. V otlichii ot aktivnyh yader galaktik tesnye dvoinye sistemy pokazyvayut gorazdo bolee korotkie harakternye vremena, poskol'ku poslednie masshtabiruyutsya s massoi chernoi dyry. T.e., vmesto let my imeem chasy. Eto pozvolyaet izuchat' dinamiku dzhetov i tp.
Authors: S. Chaty
Comments: Lecture given in the First La Plata International School on Astronomy and Geophysics: Compact Objects and their emission, La Plata Observatory, 10-14 March 2008, Argentina, 20 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, editors P. Benaglia and G. Romero
Sputnik INTEGRAL, blagodarya vysokoi chuvstvitel'nosti v ochen' zhestkom rentgenovskom diapazone i dlitel'nym nablyudeniyam ploskosti Galaktiki, smog obnaruzhit' mnogo novyh interesnyh istochnikov, svyazannyh s tesnymi dvoinymim sistemami. Obnaruzheno dva novyh klassa istochnikov. Vo-pervyh, eto bystrye rentgenovskie tranzienty, u kotoryh donorom yavlyaetsya zvezda-sverhgigant. A vo-vtoryh, sistemy s ochen' bol'shim poglosheniem, prichem pogloshenie svyazano imenno s samimi sistemami, a ne nabiraetsya po doroge.
V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor po etim sistemam, a takzhe kratko opisyvayutsya vazhnye dlya ponimaniya voprosy.
Authors: M. P. Muno et al.
Comments: 23 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to ApJ Supplements
Slozhiv dannye mnogih nablyudenii oblasti galakticheskogo centra, avtory poluchili zamechatel'nyi obzor ploshadki razmerom primerno 2 (po dolgote) na 0.8 gradusov. Tam vydeleno 9017 tochechnyh istochnikov. Provedena ih pervichnaya klassifikaciya.
Interesno, po moim prikidkam, tam dolzhno byt' neskol'ko odinochnyh akkreciruyushih neitronnyh zvezd. Vot by ih vydelit'!
Authors: H. Ritter
Comments: 14 pages, to appear in Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, Proceedings of the School of Astrophysics "Francesco Lucchin";
Nebol'shoi obzor po teme.
Authors: A. Lutovinov, S. Tsygankov
Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures
Daetsya obzor rezul'tatov po nablyudeniyam rentgenovskih pul'sarov na sputnike INTEGRAL. Naibolee interesno opisanie zavisimosti energii ciklotronnoi linii ot svetimosti (eto izmereno dlya treh istochnikov). Takzhe rassmatrivaetsya evolyuciya periodov i zavisimost' doli pul'siruyushego ot razlichnyh parametrov.
Authors: Reba M. Bandyopadhyay et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of The Second Kolkata Conference on Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe'', ed. S. Charkrabarti, Kolkata, India; AIP Conf. Series
Fantasticheski vyglyadit! Eto ne opticheskoe, a rentgenovskoe izobrazhenie.
Oblast' centra Galaktiki - vse nebo v almazah. Chandra vidit tam ob'ekty so
svetimost'yu do 1031 erg v sekundu.
Razumeetsya, otozhdestvlyat' istochniki v centre Galaktiki ochen' trudno. Tak chto
raboty tam eshe mnogo.
P.S. Interesno, net li tam odinochnyh akkreciruyushih neitronnyh zvezd?
Authors: M. Zhao et al.
Comments: 13 Pages, 3 Figures; Accepted by ApJL
S pomosh'yu opticheskih interferometrov vpervye udalos' v detalyah razglyadet' sistemu betu Liry, razreshiv ee na dva komponenta.
Izobrazhenie polucheno s pomosh'yu sistemy CHARA Array. Vidna zvezda donor (sleva) i disk vokrug vtorogo komponenta. Vidno, chto donor slegka vytyanut, t.e. vpervye udalos' rassmotret' napryamuyu iskazhenie formy vo vremya zapolneniya polosti Rosha.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Jean-Paul Zahn
Comments: 24 pages, 11 figures, lecture notes of "Stellar Physics Summer School 2005", on "Tidal effects in stars, planets and disks", EAS Publication Series 29, 2008
Svezhaya lekciya odnogo iz klassikov. Ona posvyashena prilivnoi dissipacii v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah. Zvezdy vozbuzhdayut drug v druge prilivy. Dalee, v zavisimosti ot stroeniya zvezdy (vneshnyaya konvektivnaya, ili vneshnyaya luchistaya obolochka) energiya prilivov budet dissipirovat'. Eto vse ochen' vazhno dlya raschetov evolyucii dvoinyh sistem.
Authors: P.G. Jonker et al.
Comments: 8 pages, published in the proceedings of "A population Explosion", AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 1010, pp. 109-116
Seichas orbital'nye rentgenovskie teleskopy pozvolyayut izuchat' ochen' slabye galakticheskie istochniki rentgena. Avtory dayut korotkie obzor etoi oblasti. V tom chisle, obsuzhdayutsya neponyatnye istochniki, kotorye mogut byt' rentgenovskimi dvoinymi.
Authors: Andrew J. Gosling et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, published in the proceedings of "A population Explosion", AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 1010, pp. 117-121
Chandra pozvolil razglyadet' v central'noi oblasti nashei Galaktiki mnozhestvo slabyh istochnikov, kotorye ran'she slivalis' v edinyi fon. Chto eto za ob'ekty ne vsegda yasno. Nuzhno otozhdestvlyat' istochniki vne rentgenovskogo diapazona. Avtory ispol'zuyut obzor UKIDSS-GPS, sdelannyi v blizhnem IK-diapazone. Im udalos' naiti vozmozhnye kandidaty dlya poloviny rentgenovskih ob'ektov.
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0806.4124.
Authors: O. Schnurr, A. F. J. Moffat, N. St-Louis, J. Casoli, A.-N. Chene
Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted for MNRAS Letters
V stat'e rasskazyvaetsya ob obnaruzhenii dvoinoi, sostoyashei iz dvuh ochen' massivnyh zvezd. Esli ocenki massy verny, to eto prosto samaya massivnaya dvoinaya: 116 (+/-31) i 89 (+/-16) mass Solnca. Prichem, bolee massivnyi komponent pary pretenduet na zvanie samoi massivnoi zvezdy.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Christopher W. Mauche et al.
Comments: 9 pages including 5 color encapsulated postscript figures; LaTeX format, uses aipproc.cls, aip-6s.clo, and aipxfm.sty; submitted for inclusion in the proceedings of "Cool Discs, Hot Flows: The Varying Faces of Accreting Compact Objects," ed. M. Axelsson (New York: AIP)
Avtory chislenno issleduyut akkreciyu iz zvezdnogo vetra na kompaktnyi istochnik v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya sisteme Vela X-1. Avtory ne tol'ko detal'no schitayut gidrodinamiku, no i akkuratno modeliruyut spektr.
Authors: I. F. Mirabel
Comments: Review based on courses given at international schools for graduate students and post-docs; 13 pages, 7 color figures
Nebol'shoi obzor po gruppe tesnyh dvoinyh sistem, v kotoryh pri akkreciyu na chernye dyry (hotya, pohozhe, est' sistemy i s neitronnymi zvezdami) voznikayut relyativistskie vybrosy (strui), za chto sistemy i prozvali mikrokvazarami.
Authors: D. J. Champion et al.
Comments: 28 pages, 4 figures inc Supplementary On-Line Material. Accepted for publication in Science, published on Science Express: 10.1126/science.1157580
Obnaruzhen interesnyi dvoinoi millisekundnyi pul'sar. Po otdel'nosti ego svoistva ne byli by stol' interesny, no ih kombinaciya zadaet zagadki. Eto millisekundnyi (2.15 msek) pul'sar, u kotorogo kompan'onom yavlyaetsya normal'naya zvezda solnechnoi massy, pri etom orbita imeet vysokii ekscentrisitet (0.44) i bol'shoi period (95 dnei), a nahoditsya sistema v ploskosti Galaktiki. Krome togo, ocenka massy neitronnoi zvezdy daet 1.7-1.8 mass Solnca (no eta velichina eshe mozhet, na moi vzglyad, preterpet' pereocenku).
Zagadka v tom, chto standartnye evolyucionnye shemy ne dayut takih sistem. Est' neskol'ko variantov ekzotichnosti, obsuzhdaemyh avtorami. Pervyi: pul'sar takim i rodilsya. Vtoroi: eto byla troinaya sistema. Tretii: pul'sar popal v ploskost' Galaktiki iz sharovogo skopleniya. Scenarii s troinoi vyglyadit naibolee privlekatel'nym.
Authors: Christian Knigge et al.
Comments: 28 pages, 22 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Avtory podrobno predstavlyayut rezul'taty nablyudeniya skopleniya 47 Tukana, provedennyh v UF diapazone na Habble. Naideno mnogo ekzoticheskih ob'ektov. Tak vpervye obnaruzhena para goluboi brodyaga+belyi karlik, naidena (v dvoinoi sisteme) goryachaya malomassivnaya zvezda (eto, vidimo, "obodrannyi" gigant), a takzhe naiden gelievyi belyi karlik bez millisekundnogo pul'sara v kachestve soseda po dvoinoi.
Authors: S. Geier, C. Karl, H. Edelmann, U. Heber, R. Napiwotzki
Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting on Hot Subdwarf Stars and Related Objects, U. Heber, S. Jeffery, Napiwotzki eds. 2008, ASP Conference Series, 392, 207
Avtory izuchili dvizhenie neskol'kih sdB zvezd, u kotoryh zapodozreny nevidimye kompan'ony. V nekotoryh sluchayah (pravda, v ramkah predpolozhenie o prilivnoi sinhronizacii, kotoroe neploho argumentirovano) udaetsya ogranichit' diapazon uglov naklona orbity, t.e., mozhno opredelyat' massy kompan'onov. Sredi 9 sluchaev pyat' kompan'onov mogut byt' belymi karlikami ili slabymi zvezdami glavnoi posledovatel'nosti. Eto ponyatno. No v chetyreh sluchaya massy poluchayutsya >1 solnechnoi. Znachit, kompan'onami yavlyayutsya massivnye belye karliki ili dazhe neitronnye zvezdy ili chernye dyry. Eto uzhe ne ukladyvaetsya v standartnuyu kartinu. Konechno, mozhet byt' dannye eshe budut peresmotreny, tem ne menee rezul'tat interesnyi.
Authors: S. Vaughan, P. Uttley
Comments: 13 pages, 6 figures, in "Noise and Fluctuations" Proc. SPIE vol. 6603
Akkreciya na neitronnye zvezdy i chernye dyry idet ne rovnym spokoinym potokom. Est' turbulentnye dvizheniya, razlichnye neustoichivosti i tp. Vse eto otrazhaetsya na krivoi bleska istochnika, na taiminge i td. Razumeetsya, astronomy "oborachivayut" zadachu: po taimingu, po nablyudeniyam fluktuacii svetimosti i drugim menyayushimsya harakteristikam oni pytayutsya uznat' chto-to novoe o processe akkrecii. O nekotoryh novostyah v takih issledovaniyah mozhno uznat' ih obzora.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu arxiv:0802.0376, posvyashennuyu analogichnomu voprosu, no tol'ko isklyuchitel'no dlya sistem s chernymi dyrami.
Authors: Rudy Wijnands
Comments: 6 pages, Conference proceedings from 'A Population Explosion: The Nature and Evolution of X-ray Binaries in Diverse Environments', 28 Oct - 2 Nov, St. Petersburg Beach, FL
Razvitie tehniki nablyudenii v rentgenovskom diapazone pozvolyaet detal'no izuchat' dostatochno slabye istochniki v dvoinyh sistemah so svetimost'yu poryadka 1035 erg/s. Sredi nih est' i sil'no peremennye istochniki, i ob'ekty s dostatochno stabil'noi svetimost'yu. Po-vidimomu, bol'shinstvo yavlyaetsya neitronnymi zvezdami. Nekotorye iz nih mogut yavlyat'sya praroditelyami millisekundnyh radiopul'sarov. Etot poslednii moment delaet takie sistemy osobenno interesnymi. Krome togo, v nekotoryh sluchayah my mozhem poluchat' informaciyu o vnutrennem stroenii neitronnyh zvezd, esli nablyudaetsya teplovoe izluchenie, svyazannoe ne s akkreciei, a s zapasennym teplom i piknoyadernymi reakciyami.
Authors: F. Haberl, W. Pietsch
Comments:
Avtory summiruyut nashi znaniya o rentgenovskih istochnikah, nablyudaemyh v Bol'shom i Malom Magellanovyh Oblakah. Seichas, blagodarya rabote Chandry i HMM-N'yuton, schet idet na sotni. Osnovnoi upor avtory delayut na svoi rezul'taty po nablyudeniyam Malogo Oblaka na HMM-N'yuton.
Authors: Pietro Ubertini on behalf of the IBIS Survey Team
Comments: 6 pages
Kompaktnyi, ochen' nasyshennyi obzor, posvyashennyi istochnikam, obnaruzhennym na sputnike INTEGRAL. V nebol'shom ob'eme summirovany vse osnovnye dannye po 421 istochniku, obnaruzhennym v diapazone ot 17 do 100 keV i vklyuchennym v tretii katalog INTEGRAL/IBIS. Dany harakteristiki raznyh klasov ob'ektov i tp.
Authors: Zhongmu Li, Zhanwen Han
Comments: 24 pages, 14 figures
V astrofizike aktivno primenyaetsya t.n. Populyacionnyi sintez. Odnim iz osnovnyh napravlenii, v kotoryh primenyaetsya eta metodika, yavlyaetsya issledovanie zvezdnogo sostava galaktik po ih integral'nym spektram. Iznachal'no pri takih rabotah ispol'zovalis' tol'ko spektry odinochnyh zvzd. Odnako okolo poloviny zvezd vhodit v sostav dvoinyh sistem (ili sistem bol'shei kratnosti). Otnositel'no nedavno nachali uchityvat' i eto. V stat'e dostatochno detal'no rassmatrivaetsya etot vopros i demonstriruyutsya novye rezul'taty.
Nesmotrya na to, chto nekotorye parametry "plyvut" posle ucheta dvoinyh, avtory polagayut, chto rezul'taty, poluchenye pri ispol'zovanii lish' odinochnyh zvezd vpolne horoshi dlya mnogih celei. Krome togo, oni pokazyvayut, kak ih mozhno "perenormirovat'", chtoby uchest' vklad dvoinyh.
Authors: P.G. Jonker
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, proceedings "40 years of pulsars" conference
Dlya polucheniya ogranichenii na modeli vnutrennego stroeniya neitronnyh zvezd ispol'zuyutsya opredeleniya mass i radiusov neitronnyh zvezd, a takzhe vydelenie massivnyh ob'ektov (t.k. dlya raznyh uravneniei sostoyaniya verhnie predely na massu razlichny, a potomu obnaruzhenie dazhe odnoi ochen' massivnoi neitronnoi zvezdy razom perecherkivaet bol'shuyu gruppu t.n. myagkih uravnenii sostoyaniya). Vse eto mozhno delat', provodya detal'nye issledovaniya malomassivnyh rentgenovskih dvoinyh v spokoinom sostoyanii.
"Spokoinoe" oznachaet. Chto net akkrecii, i zvezda svetit za schet zapasennogo tepla i piknoyadernyh reakcii. Dlya mnogih istochnikov neploho izvestny rasstoyaniya (osobenno, esli dvoinaya nahoditsya v sharovom skoplenii), poetomu mozhno delat' horoshie ocenki radiusa. Dvoistvennost' pozvolyaet ocenivat' massu. Ochen' bystroe ohlazhdenie govorit o nalichii pryamogo URKA processa. On vozmozhen tol'ko pri dostatochno bol'shih plotnostyah, kotorye ne dlya vseh uravnenii sostoyaniya dostupny.
Vse eto i obozrevaetsya v obzore.
Poputno otmechu obzor po strannym zvezdam arxiv:0711.2639.
Authors: Jerome A. Orosz et al.
Comments: To appear in Nature October 18, 2007. Four figures (one color figure degraded). Differs slightly from published version. Supplementary Information follows in a separate posting
Avtory soobshayut o tom, chto ocenka massy chernoi dyry v odnoi iz vnegalakticheskih tesnyh dvoinyh sistem okazalos' dovol'no vysokoi - okolo 16 mass Solnca. Eto rekord. Ocenku udalos' sdelat' blagodarya tomu, chto v sisteme nablyudayut zatmeniya, t.e. my vidim ee pochti s rebra. Eto pozvolyaet poluchit' ne tol'ko