Rambler's Top100Astronet    
  po tekstam   po klyuchevym slovam   v glossarii   po saitam   perevod   po katalogu
 

The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya
(Arhiv Kosmicheskie luchi:
v.2, 2003, v.1, 2002-2003)

Vypusk 202. 17-31 dekabrya 2008

arxiv:0812.3762 Odnovremennye nablyudeniya Sgr A* vo vremya rentgenovskoi vspyshki na H.E.S.S. i Chandre (Simultaneous H.E.S.S. and chandra observations of Sagittarius A* during an X-ray flare)
Authors: H.E.S.S. collaboration: F. Aharonian et al.
Comments: 5 pages, A&A 492, L25 (2008)

Udalos' poluchit' odnovremennye nablyudeniya chernoi dyry v centre nashei Galaktiki vo vremya sil'noi rentgenovskoi vspyshki. V rentgene potok vyros v 9 raz, a vot v TeVnom diapazone rosta potoka ne bylo (mozhno isklyuchit' vspyshku s udvoeniem i bolee sil'nym rostom svetimosti). Eto oznachaet, chto modeli, v kotoryh za keVnyi i Tevnyi diapazon otvechaet odna i ta zhe populyaciya uskorennyh chastic, mozhno otbrosit'.


Vypusk 201. 01-16 dekabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0812.2075 Astrofizicheskie testy ob'edineniya (Astrophysical probes of unification)
Authors: Asimina Arvanitaki et al.
Comments: 81 pages, 23 figures, 7 tables

Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi tomu, kak astrofizicheskie nablyudeniya mogut proveryat' modeli velikogo ob'edineniya. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno raspadam chastic temnogo veshestva. Raspady mogut proyavlyat'sya kak v razlichnyh vidah izlucheniya (gamma-, potoki chastic kosmichskih luchei, neitrino), tak i po svoemu vozdeistviyu na soderzhanie elementov (v pervuyu ochered', rech' idet o litii). Takzhe avtory kratko obsuzhdayut, kak so vsem etim mogut byt' svyazany budushie rezul'taty s LHC.


Vypusk 199. 01-13 noyabrya 2008

miniobzor arxiv:0811.1137 Budushie nauchnye temy dlya galakticheskoi astronomii ochen' vysokih energii (Future science issues for galactic very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy )
Authors: Diego F. Torres
Comments: 10 pages, presented at Gamma 2008

V blizhaishem budushem budut sozdany nazemnye gamma-teleskopy novogo pokoleniya (CTA, HESS-2 i dr.). V obzore avtor obsuzhdaet, kakie osnovnye zadachi budut pered nimi stoyat' v plane galakticheskoi astronomii. Na osnove uzhe imeyushihsya dannyh mozhno skazat', chto eto bezuslovno budut issledovaniya, svyazannye s neitronnymi zvezdami (pul'sary, pul'sarnye tumannosti, ostatki sverhnovyh, dvoinye sistemy s neitronnymi zvezdami). Krome etogo, budut nablyudat'sya sistemy s chernymi dyrami, dvoinye iz dvuh massivnyh zvezd, a takzhe associacii molodyh massivnyh zvezd. Sushestvenno, chto k etomu momentu uzhe budut dannye obzora po rezul'tatam nablyudenii kosmicheskogo teleskopa Fermi. T.e., budet mnozhestvo novyh kandidatov s ochen' horoshei lokalizaciei. Nu i, razumeetsya, mozhno ozhidat' otkrytiya gamma-izlucheniya ot novyh tipov ob'ektov, zdes' vhodnoi katalog ot Fermi budet prosto nezamenim.

O TeVnoi astronomii sm. takzhe arxiv:0811.1197. Tam daetsya dostatochno bol'shoi (15 dvuhkolonochnyh stranic) obzor sostoyaniya del v nazemnoi gamma-astronomii. Privodyatsya dannye po vsem idushim nablyudeniyam, dayutsya tablicy nablyudavshihsya ob'ektov i tp.


arxiv:0811.1552 O prirode HESS J1503-582 po dannym eksperimenta H.E.S.S.: sovpadenie s FVW? )On the nature of HESS J1503-582 revealed by the H.E.S.S. experiment: coincidence with a FVW?)
Authors: M. Renaud et al.
Comments: 4 pages

H.E.S.S. - nazemnaya sistema gamma-teleskopov. Odna iz ochen' rezul'tativnyh programm etogo proekta - obzor ploskosti Galaktiki. Pri etom bylo otkryto mnozhestvo istochnikov. Chast' iz nih udalos' otozhdestvit' s izvestnymi ob'ektami (ostatki sverhnovyh, pul'sary, tesnye dvoinye sistemy i tp.), a chast' - net. Istochnik J1503-582 - odin iz neotozhdestvlennyh. Nichego osobenno primechatel'nogo iz chisla obychnyh gamma-istochnikov tam ne obnaruzheno. Avtory obsuzhdayut lyubopytnuyu vozmozhnost'. Istonik sovpadaet s t.n. forbidden-velocity-wing. FVW - eto gazovaya struktura, nablyudaemaya v radiodiapazone, vydelyayushayasya svoei "Nepravil'noi" skorost'yu.


Vypusk 198. 20-31 oktyabrya 2008

arxiv:0810.3508 Pervye rezul'taty kosmicheskogo proekta PAMELA (First results from the PAMELA space mission)
Authors: M. Boezio et al.
Comments: 5 pages

Pervaya skromnaya rabota (v materialah konferencii) po rezul'tatam proekta PAMELA, izuchayushego antiveshestvo (antiprotony, pozitrony, antiyadra) v kosmicheskih luchah. Znamenitoi uzhe kartinki pro izbytok pozitronov v stat'e net. Predstavleny predvaritel'nye rezul'taty po antiprotonam po pervym 600 dnyam rabota priborov. A eto - bolee milliarda registracii chastic!


arxiv:0810.4995 Nablyudeniya anomal'nogo obiliya pozitronov v kosmicheskih luchah (Observations of an anomalous positron abundance in the cosmic radiation)
Authors: O. Adriani et al.
Comments: Submitted to Nature, 20 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Nakonec-to PAMELA vydala publikaciyu po pozitronam! Razumeetsya, eto rezul'tat dlya Nature.

Koe-chto o znachimosti otkrytiya sm. tut ANKA N93.

Takzhe sm. arxiv:0810.4980, arxiv:0810.4994.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


obzor arxiv:0810.5711 Nablyudenie shirokih atmosfernyh livnei iz kosmosa (The observation of extensive air showers from space)
Authors: M. Pallavicini et al.
Comments: 38 pages

Chasticy kosmicheskih luchei mogut imet' ochen' bol'shie energii. Proishozhdenie takih chastic poka ostaetsya zagadkoi. Ne v poslednyuyu ochered' eto svyazano s tem, chto takih chastic prosto malo: odna v god na ploshad' v neskol'ko soten kvadratnyh kilometrov. Dlya nablyudenii takih chastic stroyat gigantskie kompleksy. Takie kak observatoriya imeni P'era Ozhe i Telescope Array. No vse ravno statistika nabiraetsya medlenno.

Napomnyu, chto chasticy ne registriruyutsya neposredstvenno. Vletaya v atmosferu na vysote v neskol'ko desyatkov kilometrov, chasticy vzaimodeistvuyut s molekulami zemnoi atmosfery. V itoge voznikaet potok vtorichnyh chastic i vspyshka v opticheskom diapazone. Nazemnye detektory registriruyut i to, i drugoe.

Uzhe davno vyskazyvalas' ideya, chto bylo by neploho nablyudat' iz kosmosa srazu vsyu atmosferu vidimoi chasti Zemli. Mozhno otslezhivat' vspyshki, svyazannye s vletom energichnyh chastic. Togda effektivno proishodit sbor informacii s ploshadi v desyatki millionov kvadratnyh kilometrov. Dlya etogo nado zapustit' sootvetstvuyushii detektor. Uzhe mnogo let idut rzrabotki takih proektov. Poka, pravda, ni odin iz nih ne poluchil prioritetnoo finansirovaniya.

V obzore opisyvayutsya osnovnye podhody, problemy i zadachi v osushestvlenii takogo kosmicheskogo proekta. Budem nadeyat'sya, chto vse-taki v blizhaishie gody odin iz proektov budet realizovan.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 197. 13-19 oktyabrya 2008

miniobzor arxiv:0810.2501 Rasprostranenie kosmicheskih luchei ochen' vysokih energii (Propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays)
Authors: Todor Stanev
Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures, New Journal of Physics

Obzor po rasprostraneniyu kosmicheskih luchei (protony, yadra, gamma-kvanty) na kosmologicheskie rasstoyaniya.

Poskol'ku chasticy v osnovnom zaryazhennye, a v mezhgalakticheskom prostranstve est' magnitnye polya, budut voznikat' vsyakie prostye interesnye effekty, kotorye ponyatno opisany. Tak naprimer, protony s energiei men'she 5 1017 eV, ispushennye pri gamma-vspleske na rasstoyanii 100 Mpk, ne dostignut nas dazhe za Habblovskoe vremya, esli mezhgalakticheskoe magnitnoe pole poryadka nanogaussa.


miniobzor arxiv:0810.2724 Gamma-luchi ot oblastei zvezdoobrazovaniya (Gamma rays from star-forming regions)
Authors: Gustavo E. Romero
Comments: 7 pages, 8 figures

Otchasti v svyazi s zapuskom GLAST-Fermi tema gamma-astronomii stanovitsya vse bolee aktual'noi. V dannom horoshem nebol'shom obzore s krasivymi illyustraciyami opisyvaetsya, kak gamma-luchi mogut voznikat' v oblastyah zvezdoobrazovaniya. Istochnikami mogut byt' zvezdnye vetra massivnyh zvezd, dvoinye sistemy s massivnymi zvezdami, massivnye protozvezdy.


Vypusk 196. 01-12 oktyabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0810.0444 Sostoyanie i budushee nazemnoi TeVnoi astronomii (The Status and future of ground-based Tev gamma-ray astronomy. White paper prepared for the Division of Astrophysics of the American Physical Society)
Authors: J. Buckley et al.
Comments: 133 pages

Nazemnaya gamma-astronomiya - eto burno razvivayushayasya oblast'. T.e., tuda budut vkladyvat' sredstva, a potomu nuzhen detal'nyi analiz togo, chto sdelano i chto mozhno sdelat'. Etomu i posvyashen ogromnyi obzor. Rassmotreny raznye tipy istochnikov, obsuzhdeno, pochemu ih izuchenie vazhno. Opisany sushestvuyuie proekty, nekotorye tehnicheskie aspekty ih raboty i plany na blizhaishee budushee.

Vtoruyu chast' stat'i, posvyashennuyu gamma-vspleskam v smysle ih nablyudenii na nazmenyh TeVnyh ustanovkah, mozhno naiti tut: arxiv:0810.0520. Chast', posvyashennuyu ostatkam sverhnovyh i kosmicheskim lucham - zdes': arxiv:0810.0673. Pro galakticheskie kompaktnye ob'ekty chitaite tut: arxiv:0810.0683.

Sm. takzhe seriyu svezhih statei po nablyudeniyam na ustanovke VERITAS, naprimer stat'i arxiv:0810.0474, arxiv:0810.0515.


arxiv:0810.1527 Pul'sary kak istochniki kosmicheskih pozitronov vysokih energii (Pulsars as the sources of high energy cosmic ray positrons)
Authors: Dan Hooper et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures

Vsem pamyatna nedavnyaya diskussiya po rezul'tatam raboty sputnika PAMELA. Na neskol'kih konferenciyah komanda sputnika dolozhila ob obnaruzhenii izbytka pozitronov. T.e., standartnye modeli rozhdeniya etih chastic v mezhzvezdnoi srede ne mogut ob'yasnit' predstavlennye rezul'taty. Otsyuda mnogie sdelali vyvod, chto effekt mozhet naiti ob'yasnenie v rozhdenii elektron-pozitronnyh par pri annigalyacii chastic temnoi materii.

V etoi stat'e avtory obsuzhdayut kuda bolee konservativnuyu gipotezu o tom, chto izbytok pozitronov mozhet porozhdat'sya pul'sarami. Dlya ob'yasneniya vsego izbytka im trebuetsya dostatochno vysokii temp rozhdeniya gamma-pul'sarov vo vsei Galaktike, a takzhe dostatochnaya aktivnost' blizkih ob'ektov. Poka vse ukladyvaetsya v izvestnye ogranicheniya. Skoree vsego, okonchatel'nyi otvet dadut dannye sputnika GLAST-Fermi, kotorye poyavyatsya uzhe v blizhaishii god-dva.

Kstati, o planiruemyh nabldeniyah pul'sarov na GLAST-Fermi mozhno prochest' tut arxiv:0810.1637.


Vypusk 194. 01-11 sentyabrya 2008

arxiv:0809.0894 Shema dlya registracii supersimmetrichnoi temnoi materii v galo Galaktiki (A blueprint for detecting supersymmetric dark matter in the Galactic halo)
Authors: Volker Springel et al.
Comments: to appear in Nature, 23 pages, 8 figures, includes Supplementary Information

V svyazi s nachalom uspeshnoi raboty Fermi-GLAST aktivizirovalas' aktivnost', svyazannaya s raschetami registriruemosti gamma-luchei ot temnoi materii v nashei Galaktike. Poyavilos' srazu neskol'ko rabot.

Shpringel i soavtory v svoei stat'e v Nature rassmatrivayut sleduyushuyu problemu. Izvestno, chto temnoe veshestvo raspredeleno v galo neravnomerno. Vo-pervyh, est' sobstvenno galo nashei Galaktiki, vo-vtoryh v nem est' subgalo (ih chislo ochen' veliko - poryadka 100 000), v-tret'ih, i v galo i v subgalo est' struktury. Sprashivaetsya, signal ot kakih obrazovanii budet zametnee? Shpringel i soavtory reshayut etu problemu s pomosh'yu detal'nogo chislennogo modelirovaniya (bolee podrobno sm. arxiv:0809.0898).

Otvet, davaemyi v stat'e, takov. Zametnee budet signal ot osnovnogo galo. Razumeetsya, on sil'nee iz central'noi chasti Galaktiki (polovina signala ot vsego galo idet iz oblasti s radiusom primerno 2.6 kpk). Hotya subgalo summarno i dominiruyut v polnoi svetimosti (esli smotret' na nashu Galaktiku izdaleka, to osnovnoi annigilyacionnyi signal budet svyazan s subgalo), no dlya nablyudatelya na Zemle subgalo - dostatochno dalekie istochniki. Poetomu my zhdem signala v pervuyu ochered' iz central'noi chasti Mlechnogo Puti.

Eshe v odnoi stat'e (arxiv:0809.0901) takzhe s pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya issleduetsya struktura i obrazovaniya galo temnoi materii. A v arxiv:0809.0886 obsuzhdaetsya, smozhet li Fermi-GLAST obnaruzhit' sobstvennoe dvizhenie subgalo. Otvet: skoree vsego net, t.k. maloveroyatno, chto dazhe blizhaishee k nam subgalo budet dostatochno blizko dlya etogo.

Takzhe vopros o vozmozhnoi registracii temnoi materii putem nablyudeniya gamma-izlucheniya ot annigilyacii i svoistva galo obsuzhdayutsya v arxiv:0809.1523.


Vypusk 193. 15-31 avgusta 2008

miniobzor arxiv:0808.2841 Sostoyanie astronomii ochen' vyskoih energii na nachalo 2008 goda (Status of Very High Energy gamma-ray Astronomy as of early 2008)
Authors: Arache Djannati-Atai
Comments: 8, pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop for a Very large volume neutrino telescope for the Mediterranean Sea (VLVnT08) Toulon, April 22-24 2008, (to be published in Nucelar Instruments and Methods A)

Horoshii obzor po nazemnoi gamma-astronomii. Osobenno polezen tablicami s zaregistrirovannymi istochnikami (kak horosho izvestnymi v drugih diapazonah, tak i neotozhdestvlennymi).


arxiv:0808.3725 Novye pozitronnye spektral'nye detali iz-za supersimmetrichnogo temnogo veshestva - put' dlya ob'yasneniya dannyh PAMELA? (New Positron Spectral Features from Supersymmetric Dark Matter - a Way to Explain the PAMELA Data?)
Authors: Lars Bergstrom, Torsten Bringmann, Joakim Edsjo
Comments: 6 pages revtex4; 4 figures

Na nedavnei konferencii v Shvecii kollaboraciya PAMELA zayavila ob obnaruzhenii neozhidanno vysokogo otnosheniya chisla pozitronov k elektronam na vysokih energiyah. (Napomnyu, chto PAMELA - eto ital'yanskii sputnik s rossiiskim uchastiem, prednaznachennyi dlya izucheniya chastic kosmicheskih luchei). V dannoi stat'e avtory pytayutsya ob'yasnit' etot rezul'tat tem, chto izbytok pozitronov svyazan s annigilyaciei chastic temnoi materii. Konechno, bylo by horosho imet' nezavisimoe podtverzhdenie dannyh PAMELA, no dlya etogo, vidimo, nuzhno budet dozhidat'sya zapuska AMS, hotya avtory takzhe nadeyatsya na PEBS.

Razumeetsya, dlya ob'yasneniya dannyh PAMELA mozhno ispol'zovat' i drugie idei. Naprimer, blizkii istochnik tipa molodogo ostatka sverhnovoi. Tak chto yasnosti poka net.

Takzhe o vozmozhnyh parametrah chastic temnogo veshestva sm. arxiv:0808.3607, gde avtory pytayutsya naiti interpretaciyu rezul'tatam DAMA/LIBRA, sravnivaya rezul'taty etogo eksperimenta s prochimi.

Sm. takzhe arxiv:0808.3867, gde drugaya gruppa avtorov obsuzhdaet pohozhii scenarii. Takzhe ob astrofizicheskih perspektivah obnaruzheniya temnoi materii sm. poluobzornuyu stat'yu arxiv:0808.3384.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


obzor arxiv:0808.3744 Goryachie novosti - nebo v ochen' zhestkih gamma-luchah (High-(Energy)-Lights -- The Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Sky)
Authors: D. Horns
Comments: 33 pages to appear in Reviews of Modern Astronomy

Ochen' horoshii obzor po gamma-astronomii. Upor sdelan na istochniki (a ne na ustanovki i tp., hotya po metodam nablyudenii dana horoshaya korotkaya svodka). Izvestnye ob'ekty otdel'no (po klassam) obsuzhdeny. Vse tolkovo i ponyatno.


Vypusk 192. 01-14 avgusta 2008

arxiv:0808.0367 Fizicheskie usloviya v potencial'nyh istochnikah kosmicheskih luchei. I Novyi variant diagrammy Hillasa i ogranicheniya za schet radiacionnyh poter' (Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated Hillas plot and radiation-loss constraints)
Authors: Ksenia Ptitsyna, Sergey Troitsky
Comments: 24 pages, 12 figures

Ochen' vazhno pomnit', chto v "kosmicheskih uskoritelyah" chasticy ne tol'ko uskoryayutsya, no i izluchayut. Eto obstoyatel'stvo nakladyvaet ogranicheniya na maksimal'nye vozmozhnye energii. T.e., nel'zya prosto vzyat' diagrammu Hillasa (svyazyvayushuyu razmer i magnitnoe pole v istochnike kosmicheskih luchei) i poluchit' ocenku energii. Energiya na samom dele budet nizhe. A vot naskol'ko i pochemu - mozhno prochest' v obzore.


obzor arxiv:0808.0417 Voprosy v astrofizike vysokih energii (Problems in High Energy Astrophysics)
Authors: Paolo Lipari
Comments: 31 pages, Talk given at the workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice" (april 2008)

Obzor posvyashen kosmicheskim lucham (a takzhe neitrino vysokih energii), tomu, kakuyu rol' ih issledovaniya zanimayut v astrofizike, i na kakie voprosy oni mogut pomoch' naiti otvety.

Sm. takzhe obzor avtora arxiv:0808.0344.


arxiv:0808.1878 Eksperiment NuMoon: pervye rezul'taty (The NuMoon experiment: first results)
Authors: S. Buitink et al.
Comments: 8 pages, 8 figures, proceedings of XXth rencontres de Blois, 2008

Effekt Askaryana pozvolyaet registrirovat' vysokoenergichnye neitrino po radioizlucheniyu, kotoroe voznikaet pri dvizhenii chastic v srede. Na Zemle chashe obsuzhdayutsya ustanovki (i nekotorye uzhe rabotayut), gde "rabochim telom" sluzhit led (Antarkticheskii, grenlandskii). No Dagkesamanskii i Zheleznyh eshe v 1989 godu predlozhili nablyudat' s pomosh'yu radioteleskopov Lunu, i nablyudeniya byli provedeny. Pravda, udalos' poluchit' lish' verhnie predely. Rech' idet o registracii ochen' korotkih slabyh radiosignalov.

V proekte NuMoon ispol'zuetsya bol'shoi teleskop v Vesterborke. Izyuminka v ispol'zovanii bolee nizkih chastot chem v predydushih popytkah. Nablyudeniya uzhe nachalis'. Rezul'taty poka pozvolyayut lish' postavit' verhnie predely, no eto uzhe ochen' horoshie predely.


Vypusk 191. 22-31 iyulya 2008

arxiv:0807.4254 Sputnik AGILE (The AGILE Mission)
Authors: M. Tavani, et al., for the AGILE Collaboration
Comments: 20 pages, 26 figures. submitted to Astron. & Astrophys

Sputnik AGILE vtoroi god kruzhitsya na orbite. Eto gamma-teleskop, rabotayushii v diapazone ot 30 MeV do 50 GeV (takzhe na bortu est' eshe i nebol'shoi rentgenovskii teleskop i nebol'shoi detektor gamma-vspleskov). Sravnivat' ego imeet smysl s priborom EGRET na bortu CGRO. AGILE obladaet bolee vysokim uglovym razresheniem i nizkoi cenoi pri prochih pochti ravnyh parametrah. Zapushennyi nedavno GLAST gorazdo moshnee AGILE, tak chto tut i sravnivat' nechego.

V stat'e opisyvaetsya v osnovnom sam sputnik, ego pribory, rabota s dannymi i tp. Ni slova o poluchennyh za god s lishnim nauchnyh rezul'tatah tam net. No ob etom mozhno pochitat' na stranice proekta.


miniobzor arxiv:0807.4871 Observatoriya imeni P'era Ozhe: rezul'taty po kosmicheskim lucham sverhvysokih energii (The Pierre Auger Observatory: Results on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays)
Authors: Johannes Bluemer for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
Comments: 9 pages, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Advances in Cosmic Ray Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, March 2008; to be published in the Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (JPSJ) supplement

Ocherednaya svodka rezul'tatov ot observaotrii imeni Ozhe. Svodka polezna tem, chto summirovany vse dannye, ne tol'ko po osnovnoi komponente kosmicheskih luchei. Krome togo, avtor nemnogo rasskazyvaet o planah po stroitel'stvu severnoi chasti observatorii v SShA (pravda, on ne ochen' rasprostranyaetsya o finansovyh trudnostyah, s kotorymi stolknulsya proekt). Krome togo, v SShA u Ozhe est' konkurent, kotoryi nemnogo dal'she prodvinulsya v realizacii planov. Eto Telescope Array.


Vypusk 190. 09-21 iyulya 2008

arxiv:0807.2822 Gamma-luchi ochen' vysokoi energii ot kvazara: naskol'ko prozrachna vselennaya? (Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe?)
Authors: MAGIC Collaboration
Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures; Science 320, 1752 (2008)

Vo vremya vspyshki ot kvazara 3C 279 zaregistrirovano teVnoe izluchenie. Istochnik nahoditsya na z=0.536. Tak chto eto rekord dlya teVnogo gamma-diapazona. Poskol'ku gamma-kvanty mogut sushestvenno vzaimodeistvovat' s fonovym izlucheniem, to dannoe nablyudenie pozvolyaet nalozhit' vazhnye predely na svoistva fona.


Vypusk 189. 24 iyunya - 08 iyulya 2008

arxiv:0806.4302 Nablyudenie podavleniya potoka kosmicheskih luchei vyshe 4x10^19 eV (Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4x10^19eV)
Authors: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
Comments: 7 pages, 2 figues, accepted for publication in Physics Review Letters

Eto ne materialy konferencii, a "oficial'naya stat'ya". V nei predstavleny poslednie dannye observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe (konechno, ee yuzhnoi chasti) po spektru kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Dannye nahodyatsya v soglasii s predskazaniyami o zavale Greizena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina.

Esli komu-to interesny i svezhie materialy konferencii, gde rech' idet o poslednih rezul'tatah Ozhe, to ih est' v Arhive: arxiv:0807.1024.


Vypusk 188. 10-23 iyunya 2008

arxiv:0806.3220 Kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii, zaregistrirovannye observatoriei imeni P'era Ozhe: pervye pryamye ukazaniya na to, chto chast' iz nih voznikaet v blizkih radiogalaktikah (Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory: First Direct Evidence, and its Implications, that a Subset Originate in Nearby Radiogalaxies)
Authors: Neil M. Nagar, Javier Matulich
Comments: 9 pages total. To appear in A&A

Avtory pishut, chto dlya 27 chastic s energiyami vyshe 56 EeV naibolee veroyatnymi mestami rozhdeniya yavlyayutsya blizkie radiogalaktiki. Pri etom galaktik po morfologii i tp. ne ochen' pohozhi na M87 (otsutstvie sushestvennogo potoka ot M87 mnogimi rassmatrivaetsya kak argument protiv svyazi etih chastic s blizkimi aktivnymi galaktikami). Sushestvenno, chto rech' ne o vseh zaregistrirovannyh chasticah so stol' vysokoi energiei, a o podvyborke. Net somnenii, chto rabotu eshe budut kritikovat', i diskussiya prodolzhitsya.


Vypusk 183. 01-20 aprelya 2008

arxiv:0804.0382 Poisk korrelyacii sobytii HiRes Stereo s aktivnymi yadrami galaktik (Search for Correlations between HiRes Stereo Events and Active Galactic Nuclei)
Authors: R. U. Abbasi, et al.
Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures

Kak vy pomnite, proekt Ozhe (Auger) zayavil nekotoroe vremya nazad ob obnaruzhenii korrelyacii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii s blizkimi aktivnymi yadrami galaktik. Bolee rannii (i bolee skromnyi po razmerah i metodam) proekt HiRes raportuet o rezul'tatah poiska analogichnoi korrelyacii v svoih dannyh. Rezul'tat otricatel'nyi. Budem zhdat', kogda Ozhe nakopit bol'she sobytii i vydast novye dannye.


arxiv:0804.1088 Ob interpretacii anizotropii kosmicheskih luchei na ochen' vysokih energiyah (On the interpretation of the cosmic-ray anisotropy at ultra-high energies)
Authors: D.S. Gorbunov, P.G. Tinyakov, I.I. Tkachev, S.V. Troitsky
Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures

Obnaruzhennaya na ustanovke Ozhe korrelyaciya kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii s blizkimi aktivnymi galaktikami ne daet pokoya ni nablyudatelyam, ni teoretikam. Napomnyu, chto nablyudateli s zavershennogo eksperimenta HiRes zayavili, chto oni takoi korrelyacii ne vidyat. A teoretiki srazu zhe nachali kritikovat' poluchennye dannye.

V dannoi stat'e snova privoditsya kritika interpretacii dannyh, predlozhennoi gruppoi Ozhe, i daetsya al'ternativa. Ona sostoit v tom, chto osnovnoi vklad daetsya odnim blizkim istochnikom - galaktikoi Centavr A.


obzor arxiv:0804.1500 Sostoyanie i perspektivy kosmomikrofiziki v Evrope (Status and Perspectives of Astroparticle Physics in Europe)
Authors: Christian Spiering
Comments: 16 pages, 20 figures. To be published in Astronomische Nachrichten

Astroparticle Physics (ya budu ispol'zovat' udachnyi perevod "kosmomikrofizika") zavoevala status samostoyatel'noi discipliny na styke astrofiziki, fiziki elementarnyh chastic (i uskoritel'noi, i kosmicheskih luchei) i kosmologii. Razumeetsya, chasto nevozmozhno (da i ne nuzhno) tochno opredelit' yavlyaetsya li dannaya rabota ili proekt "kosmomikrofizicheskim" ili ego luchshe nazyvat' kak-to inache. Kak by to ni bylo ? Oblast' harakterizuetsya eshe i tem, chto v nei osushestvlyayutsya ochen' dorogie proekty. Poetomu razlichnye agentstva stroyat dolgosrochnye plany. V stat'e daetsya ochen' interesnyi obzor togo, chto planiruet v etoi oblasti Evropa na blizhaishie 10 let.

Osnovnye voprosy, kotorye stavyat pered soboi v dannoi programme uchenye, takovy:

  • Chto takoe temnaya materiya?
  • Kakovo vremya zhizni protona?
  • Kakova rol' neitrino v kosmologicheskoi evolyucii?
  • Chto mozhno uznat' s pomosh'yu neitrino o vnutrennem stroenii Solnca, Zemli, a takzhe o fizike sverhnovyh?
  • Kakovo proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei i kakie astronomicheskie istochniki izluchayut na ochen' vysokih energiyah.
  • Chto mogut skazat' gravitacionnye volny i burnyh astrofizicheskih fenomenah i o prirode gravitacii?

    Pervym stoit vopros o prirode temnoi materii. Zdes' osnovnymi kandidatami yavlyayutsya neitralino i aksiony. Chto delaetsya? Vo-pervyh, idut laboratornye eksperimenty po pryamomu detektirovaniyu chastic temnoi materii. V etoi oblasti evropeicy, pozhalui, aktivnee drugih, i planiruetsya prodolzhat' poiski. Vo-vtoryh, est' vozmozhnost' uvidet' chasticy, yavlyayushiesya produktami raspada ili annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii, naprimer, gamma-kvanty. U evropeicev seichas letaet sputnik PAMELA, ot kotorogo mozhno ozhidat' interesnyh rezul'tatov do zapuska bolee moshnogo amerikanskogo AMS. Odnako, pohozhe, chto u PAMELA est' kakie-to trudnosti. V gamma-diapazone u evropeicev est' nebol'shoi sputnik AGILE. Planiruemyi v blizhaishie mesyacy k zapusku amerikanskii GLAST budet namnogo effektivnee. Krome togo, mozhno iskat' produkty raspada s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov, i tut s H.E.S.S. i MAGIC evropeicy vperedi planety vsei. Evropeiskie plany po postroike bol'shogo morskogo neitrinnogo detektora potihon'ku pretvoryayutsya v zhizn', no ochen' potihon'ku (ob etom sm. nizhe). Nakonec, v tret'ih, koe-chto mogut dat' uskoritel'nye eksperimenty, i zdes', konechno, vse nadezhdy na LHC.

    Chto kasaetsya temnoi energii, to tut Evropa ogranichivaetsya standartnymi astronomicheskimi proektami v oblasti nablyudatel'noi kosmologii. Samym vazhnym, navernoe, v blizhaishie 10 let budet zapusk sputnika Planck (oktyabr' 2008 goda). Krome togo, planiruyutsya obzory v razlichnyh diapazonah spektra, no eto chistaya astronomiya, kotoruyu kosmomikrofizika podderzhivaet moral'no.

    Sleduyushim punktom stoit poisk raspada protona. Dlya obnaruzheniya nado stroit' podzemnye detektory tipa SuperKamiokande, tol'ko na poryadok bol'she. Poka idet prorabotka neskol'kih podhodov (mozhno perechislit' neskol'ko nazvanii proektov LENA, GLACIER, MEMPHYS, LAGUNA). Planiruetsya, chto k 2010 godu budet vybran proekt. Odnako, vse eshe mozhet sil'no zamedlit'sya. Stoimost' ustanovki budet poryadka polumilliarda evro. S takimi proektami evropeicy lyubyat tyanut', poskol'ku nuzhno mezhdunarodnaya kooperaciya, a "u vseh svoi problemy". Razumeetsya, takoi detektor budet i prekrasnym neitrinnym detektorom.

    Teper' o "lovle neitrino za borodu". Zdes' interesny ne tol'ko eksperimenty tipa morskih detektorov s ob'emom poryadka kubicheskogo kilometra. Vo-pervyh, idut popytki pomerit' massu neitrino v laboratorii po izmereniyu spektra elektronov pri beta-raspade (eksperiment KATRINA v Germanii). Vo-vtoryh, interesny issledovaniya dvoinogo bezneitrinnogo beta-raspada. Oni dolzhny dat' otvet na vopros o tom, yavlyayutsya li neitrino maioranovskimi ili dirakovskimi. Dvoinoi bezneitrinnyi beta-raspad vozmozhen tol'ko, esli neitrino maioranovskie.

    Kosmicheskie luchi. Evropa aktivneishim obrazom uchastvuet v proekte Ozhe. Cherez neskol'ko let nachnetsya montazh severnoi chasti ustanovki v SShA (yuzhnaya polnost'yu gotova i rabotaet). V severnoi chasti 45 procentov prinadlezhit Evrope. Hotya chashe govoryat o kosmicheskih luchah sverhvysokih energii, odnako i na men'shih energiyah est' eshe nemalo nereshennyh problem. Dlya ih razresheniya stroyat otdel'nye detektory. Odin iz detektorov stoit v Germanii, i on budet prodolzhat' svoyu rabotu.

    Gamma-astronomiya. Evropeicy ne sobirayutsya ostanavlivat'sya na uspehah, dostignutyh gruppami H.E.S.S. i MAGIC. Razrabatyvaetsya proekt gorazdo bolee krupnoi seti nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov. Po vsei vidimosti budet dve seti (severnaya i yuzhnaya) s neskol'ko raznymi parametrami, optimizirovannymi dlya izucheniya galakticheskih istochnikov (yug) i vnegalakticheskih (sever).

    Kraine zamanchivo nachat' registrirovat' neitrino vysokih energii. Eto vozmozhno s pomosh'yu kilometrovyh detektorov v vode ili l'du. Poka v Antakrtide idet montazh IceCube, evropeicy testiruyut v Sredizemnom more neskol'ko prototipov vodnyh detektorov. O edinom evropeiskom detektore poka idut peregovory. Rano ili pozdno on navernyaka budet postroen, no kakaya-to konkretnaya informaciya o dizaine i tp. otsutstvuet. Krome togo, obsuzhdayutsya proekty kosvennoi registracii neitrino ochen' vysokih energii po radioizlucheniyu. V kachestve rabochego tela tut mozhet vystupat', naprimer, Luna.

    Nakonec, poslednyaya tema svyazana s gravitacionnymi volnami. V Evrope rabotayut VIRGO i GEO600. Apgreid VIRGO pozvolit poluchit' pribor, kotoryi deistvitel'no smozhet imet' priemlemyi temp registracii sliyanii neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr. Planiruyutsya bolee krupnye ustanovki (Einstein Telescope), no yasno, chto dazhe pri optimisticheskom razvitii sobytii ih sooruzhenie ne popadaet v blizhaishie 10 let. Chto kasaetsya kosmicheskih detektorov, to tut ESA sotrudnichaet s NASA v dele sozdaniya LISA. Poka obsuzhdaetsya data zapuska 2018 god. No, skoree vsego, ona budet neskol'ko otodvinuta. V 2010 godu evropeicy dolzhny zapustit' prototip. Esli s nim vse proidet udachno, to, navernoe, poyavitsya real'nyh grafik realizacii bol'shogo osnovnogo proekta.

    Itogo. Seichas kosmomikrofizika nahoditsya na etape, kogda mozhno uspet' snyat' slivki. Pravda, trebuetsya stroit' ochen' dorogie i tehnicheski slozhnye ustanovki na zemle, pod zemlei, pod vodoi i v kosmose. V konce stat'i avtor privodit svodku proektov (i summy), kotorye budut realizovyvat'sya v blizhaishie 10 let. Pohozhe, chto Evropa ne otstaet ot SShA, ili otstaet ne sil'no. Nu na ee vtoroe mesto pokushat'sya vrode by i nekomu.

    miniobzor arxiv:0804.2256 Razdel, posvyashennyi gamma-vspleskam, v otchete o sostoyanii i perspektivah gamma-astronomii ochen' vysokih energii (The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report )
    Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
    Comments: to appear in Proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007 Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico; 5 pages, 4 figures

    Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi daetsya obzor nablyudenii gamma-vspleskov s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopah v diapazone poryadka TeV. Eto razdel bol'shogo otcheta. Ego cel' - dat' rekomendacii dlya budushih proektov. Ochen' koncentrirovano opisano tepereshnee sostoyanie del (est' neskol'ko nepodtverzhdennyh slabyh kandidatov), teoreticheskie osnovy, pozvolyayushie nadeyat'sya na registraciyu gamma-vspleskov na vysokih energiyah, i sdelany nekotorye vyvody, kasatel'no budushih nablyudenii.


    arxiv:0804.2741 Pervye rezul'taty s DAMA/LIBRA i kombinirovannye rezul'taty s DAMA/NaI (First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI)
    Authors: R. Bernabei et al.
    Comments: 40 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables

    V laboratorii Gran Sasso idet novyi eksperiment po poisku chastic temnoi materii. Eto DAMA/LIBRA (opisanie chitaite v stat'e arxiv:0804.2738). Eto razvitie izvestnogo eksperimenta DAMA, kotoryi neskol'ko let nazad uzhe zayavlyal o tom, chto oni vidyat signal, t.k. imela mesto sezonnaya modulyaciya, kotoruyu avtory proekta ob'yasnyali izmeneniem otnositel'noi skorosti Zemli i chastic temnoi materii v processe vrasheniya nashei planety vokrug Solnca. Seichas avtory snova govoryat o polozhitel'nom rezul'tate uzhe na novoi ustanovke.

    Avtory zayavlyayut, chto na urovne vyshe 8 standartnyh otklonenii vidyat godichnuyu modulyaciyu na novoi ustanovke (s uchetom staryh rezul'tatov). Vyvod sdelan na osnove 4-letnih nablyudenii. Interpretaciya: nablyudaetsya signal ot registracii chastic temnoi materii, zapolnyayushih galo nashei Galaktiki.

    Razumeetsya, bol'shoi razdel v stat'e posvyashen vozmozhnym sistematicheskim effektam. No v lyubom sluchae, vidimo, pridetsya zhdat' nezavisimogo eksperimenta.


    arxiv:0804.1938 Kosmicheskie luchi i klimat (Cosmic Rays and Climate)
    Authors: Jasper Kirkby
    Comments: 42 pages, 19 figures Journal-ref: Surveys in Geophysics 28, 333-375 (Nov 2007)

    Avtor obzora yavlyaetsya proponentom gipotezy o tom, chto klimat sushestvennym obrazom zavisit ot galakticheskogo potoka kosmicheskih luchei, kotorye moduliruyut plotnost' oblachnogo pokrova.

    Obzor sostoit iz dvuh osnovnyh chastei. V odnoi obsuzhdaetsya paleoklimat i potok kosmicheskih luchei v proshlom (vklyuchaya i otnositel'no nedavnee proshloe, naprimer maunderovskii minimum). Vo vtoroi rassmatrivayutsya vozmozhnye fizicheskie mehanizmy, otvetstvenny za svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom.

    Otmechu, chto v obzore nikak ne obsuzhdaetsya kritika Volfendeila (wolfendale) i ego soavtorov.


    Vypusk 182. 18-31 marta 2008

    obzor arxiv:0803.3040 Astronomiya chastic sverhvysokih energii (Astronomy with ultra high-energy particles)
    Authors: Joerg R. Hoerandel
    Comments: 34 pages, to appear in Reviews of Modern Astronomy

    Seichas ustanovki tipa Auger pozvolyayut dostatochno tochno opredelyat' napravleniya prihoda chastic kosmicheskih luchei. V nekotorom smysle, eto nachinaet eru "astronomii chastic vysokoi energii". T.e., my mozhem nadeyat'sya videt' istochniki. Etomu i posvyashen obzor.

    Avtor obsuzhdaet vozmozhnye istochniki, rasprostranenie chastic (ved' iz-za togo, chto chasticy zaryazheny oni otklonyayutsya magnitnym polem - i galakticheskim, i mezhgalakticheskim. Krome togo, chasticy mogut vstupat' v reakcii s fotonami (reliktovogo izlucheniya, ili so zvezdnym svetom). Zatem on perehodit k rassmotreniyu detektirovaniya chastii i opisyvaet osnovnye parametry deistvuyushih ustanovok. Dalee rassmotreny dannye po spektru i sostavu kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii. Nakonec, avtor perehodit k sobstvenno "astronomii kosmicheskih luchei".

    Rassmotreny korrelyacii napravlenii prihoda kosmicheskih luchei s razlichnymi astrofizicheskimi istochnikami. Avtor obsuzhdaet naskol'ko eti korrelyacii realistichny, i kak ih mozhno proveryat' v blizhaishem budushem s pomosh'yu novyi eksperimentov.


    arxiv:0803.2298 Proverka predlozhennoi svyazi mezhdu kosmicheskimi luchami i oblachnym pokrovom (Testing the proposed link between cosmic rays and cloud cover)
    Authors: T. Sloan, A.W. Wolfendale
    Comments: 14 pages

    V etoi zametke kriticheski razbiraetsya gipoteza o svyazi oblachnogo pokrova s potokom kosmicheskih luchei. Napomnyu, chto dve gruppy zayavlyali ob obnaruzhenii korrelyacii potoka galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom (men'she luchei - men'she nizkih oblakov). Sama dostovernost' etoi korrelyacii neskol'ko raz obsuzhdalas', i k kakomu-to okonchatel'nomu vyvodu priiti ne udalos'.

    V obsuzhdaemoi stat'e avtory analiziruyut ne samu korrelyaciyu, a predlozhennyi mehanizm, otvestvennyi za ee nalichie. V kachestve takogo mehanizma byla predlozhena variaciya stepeni ionizacii v atmosfere, poskol'ku za ionizaciyu otvetstvenny kak raz galakticheskie kosmicheskie luchi. Avtoram ne udalos' naiti podtverzhdenii dannoi gipotezy. T.e., pishut oni, ne udalos' pokazat', chto izmeneniya stepeni ionizacii vyzyvayut zametnuyu chast' variacii oblachnogo pokrova.

    Konechno, dannyi rezul'tat nichego ne govorit o dostovernosti korrelyacii mezhdu potokom kosmicheskih luchei i oblachnost'yu. Tem ne menee, eto eshe odin kamen' v ogorod avtorov gipotezy o tom, chto variacii potoka kosmicheskih luchei otvetstvenny za klimaticheskie izmeneniya. Naprimer, mozhet byt' tak, chto korrelyaciya-to real'na, no vot mehanizm drugoi. T.e., i kosmicheskie luchi i oblachnost' (klimat) korreliruyut s tret'ei velichinoi, a nikakoi pryamoi svyazi mezhdu kosmicheskimi luchami i izmeneniyami temperatury na Zemle net.

    S drugoi storony poyavilis' dve raboty (arxiv:0803.2765 i arxiv:0803.2766), v kotoryh avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnost' togo, chto kosmicheskie luchi, posredstvom svoego vozdeistviya na formirovanie oblachnogo pokrova, mogut byt' vazhnym uchastnikom global'noi klimaticheskoi evolyucii.


    Vypusk 181. 01-17 marta 2008 goda

    obzor arxiv:0803.1609 Nazemnaya gamma-astronomiya s cherenkovskimi teleskopami (Ground based gamma-ray astronomy with Cherenkov Telescopes)
    Authors: Jim Hinton
    Comments: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the New Journal of Physics

    Avtor daet obzor metodov nablyudeniya gamma-izlucheniya s pomosh'yu nazemnyh cherenkovskih teleskopov, opisyvaet rabotayushie ustanovki i osnovnye rezul'taty. Proektov upomyanuto nemalo, no pokazatel'no, chto kartinki s rezul'tatmi soderzhat prakticheski tol'ko dannye H.E.S.S.


    Vypusk 178. 22-31 yanvarya 2008 goda

    miniobzor arxiv:0801.3028 Kosmomikrofizika: zagadki i otkrytiya (Astroparticle Physics: Puzzles and Discoveries)
    Authors: V. Berezinsky
    Comments: 13 pages, Invited talk at TAUP 2007 conference, September 2007, Sendai, Japan

    Interesnoe esse, posvyashennoe nekotorym zagadkam v kosmologii i rodstvennyh oblastyah. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno effektu Greizena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina (GZK) i problemam s lyambda-chlenom.


    obzor arxiv:0801.4376 Lekcii po kosmicheskim lucham vysokih energii (Lecture notes on high energy cosmic rays)
    Authors: M. Kachelriess
    Comments: 82 pages, prepared for the 17th Jyvaskyla Summer School

    Obzory i lekcii po kosmicheskim lucham poyavlyayutsya regulyarno, i ne na vse ih nih ya obrashayu vashe vnimanie. Dannye lekcii menya zainteresovali tem, chto zdes' akkuratno privedeny mnogie bazovye veshi. 80 stranic teksta - eto nemalo, i avtor smog raz'yasnit' mnogie ponyatiya, kotorye obychno v obzorah ne razzhevyvayutsya.


    Vypusk 176. 20 dekabrya 2007-09 yanvarya 2008 goda

    obzor arxiv:0712.3352 Gamma-astronomiya (Gamma-ray Astronomy)
    Authors: Jim Hinton
    Comments: 24 pages, 12 figures. Rapporteur talk at the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, Mexico

    Pered avtorom stoyala sleduyushaya zadacha: dat' obzor 175 rabot po gamma-astronomii, predstavlennyh na 30-i mezhdunarodnoi konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham. Chto poluchilos' - v stat'e.


    Vypusk 175. 14-19 dekabrya 2007

    arxiv:0712.2843 Korrelyaciya kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii s blizkimi aktivnymi yadrami galaktik (Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the positions of nearby active galactic nuclei)
    Authors: The Pierre auger Collaboration
    Comments: 33 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Astropart. phys

    Bol'shaya stat'ya proekta Ozhe, v kotoroi uzhe detal'no razbiraetsya obnaruzhennaya korrelyaciya s otnositel'no blizkimi aktivnymi yadrami galaktik. Povtoryat' sut' raboty net smysla. Zdes' prosto bol'she podrobnostei, chem v korotkoi zametke v Science.

    O nekotoryh tehnicheskih aspektah proekta mozhno pochitat' zdes': arxiv:0712.2832.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 174. 01-13 dekabrya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0712.0315 Astrofizika ochen' vysokih energii (Very-High Energy Gamma Astrophysics)
    Authors: Alessandro De Angelis, Oriana Mansutti, Massimo Persic
    Comments: 20 pages, Invited Review Talk at the Sixth International Workshop on New Worlds in Astroparticle Physics, September 6-8, 2007, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Bol'shoi dostatochno populyarnyi obzor po gamma-astronomii. Vse osnovnye ustanovki (i nazemnye, i sputnikovye), rezul'taty i modeli upomyanuty. Razumeetsya, ne zabyty i proekty blizhaishego budushego.


    kniga arxiv:0712.1548 Nauka s novym pokoleniem eksperimentov v oblasti zhestkogo gamma-izlucheniya (Science with the new generation high energy gamma- ray experiments)
    Authors: pochti dvesti avtorov
    Comments: 328 pages, 7.8Mb, Proceedings of the 5th SCINEGHE Workshop, June 18-20, 2007

    Celikom vylozhen sbornik trudov konferencii, posvyashennoi gamma-astronomii. Na moi vzglyad, eto pravil'nyi put'. Pechatnye "kirpichi" s trudami konferencii vpolne mozhno otmenit'.


    Vypusk 173. 20-30 noyabrya 2007

    sbornik arxiv:0711.2683 Materialy kollaboracii ANTARES dlya ICRC 2007 (ANTARES Collaboration Proceedings of ICRC 2007)
    Authors: ANTARES Collaboration
    Comments: HTML file with clickable links to papers

    Kollaboraciya ANTARES (budushii bol'shoi morskoi neitrinnyi detektor) sobrala vse svoi stat'i dlya materialov mezhdunarodnoi konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham. No sdelano eto ne v vide "knizhki", a v vide nabora linkov. Vse luchshe, chem nichego, t.e., chem iskat' vse mnogochislennye stat'i etoi gruppy, raskidannye po arhivu.


    obzor arxiv:0711.2804 O proishozhdenii kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik i gamma-vspleskah v svete poslednih rezul'tatov Ozhe (On Gamma Ray Burst and Blazar AGN Origins of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays in Light of First Results from Auger)
    Authors: Charles D. Dermer
    Comments: 25 pages, 16 figs, invited talk at Merida Yucatan ICRC

    Tol'ko-tol'ko vyshla stat'ya s rezul'tatami observatorii im. Ozhe, kotorye svidetel'stvuyut v pol'zu proishozhdeniya kosmicheskih luchei v otnositel'no blizkih aktivnyh yadrah galaktik, kak uzhe poyavlyayutsya obzory, v kotorym obsuzhdaetsya etot rezul'tat!

    Krome obsuzhdeniya novogo rezul'tata, svyazannyh s nim voprosov i perspektiv ego proverki i utochneniya, avtor prosto daet dostatochno podrobnyi obzor po kosmicheskim lucham sverhvysokih energii.


    arxiv:0711.4060 Kommentarii k rabote "Correlation of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays with Nearby Extragalactic Objects" (Comment on "Correlation of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays with Nearby Extragalactic Objects")
    Authors: Dmitry Gorbunov, Peter Tinyakov, Igor Tkachev, Sergey Troitsky
    Comments: 7 pages, 1000 words, 2 figures, scicite.sty

    Korotkii polemicheskii kommentarii otnositel'no nedavnei raboty gruppy observatorii im. Ozhe po otozhdestvleniyu istochnikov kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii s blizkimi aktivnymi yadrami galaktik. Sobstvenno, sut' v tom, chto avtory ne soglasny s interpretaciei, predlozhennoi v original'noi rabote.

    Naprimer, pishut avtory, my ne vidim sobytii ot skopleniya galaktik v Deve, hotya modeli, v kotoryh kosmicheskie luchi porozhdayutsya aktivnymi yadrami, predskazyvayut bol'shoi signal ot etogo blizhaishego krupnogo skopleniya galaktik. Sobstvenno, detal'nyi analiz predskazanii modeli s dannymi Ozhe pokazyvaet sushestvennye rashozhdeniya v raspredelenii model'nyh i nablyudaemyh sobytii.

    Eto ne oznachaet, odnako, chto kosmicheskie luchi tochno ne svyazany ni s kakimi aktivnymi yadrami. Prosto, pishut avtory, vozmozhno, chto est' nebol'shoe chislo istochnikov, kotoryh net v Deve, no est' v Centavre. Naprimer, galaktika Cen A. A osnovnaya massa aktivnyh yader (naprimer, mnogochislennye seifertovskie galaktiki) kosmicheskie luchi vysokih energii ne daet.


    Vypusk 172. 01-19 noyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0711.2256 Korrelyacii kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii s blizkimi vnegalakticheskimi ob'ektami (Correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects)
    Authors: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 22 pages, 2 figures, Journal-ref: Science, vol.318, p.939-943 (9 November 2007)

    Vot stat'ya, rezul'taty kotoroi nedavno mozhno bylo naiti na vseh novostnyh lentah. Rezul'tat podaetsya kak okonchatel'noe reshenie zagadki kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii: oni svyazany s otnositel'no blizkimi aktivnymi yadrami galaktik. Na samom dele, konechno, ne nado vosprinimat' etot konkretnyi rezul'tat kak okonchatel'nyi. Predstoit eshe dovol'no mnogo raboty po ego proverke. Tem ne menee, chto zhe naideno.

    Ispol'zuya dannye pochti chetyreh let nablyudenii na observatorii imeni Ozhe (otmechu, chto vse eto vremya observatoriya dostraivalas'- ustanavlivalis' novye detektory, polnomasshtabnye nablyudeniya nachalis' sovsem nedavno), avtory obnaruzhili, chto vosstanovlennye istochniki kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii neploho korreliruyut s blizkimi (menee 75 Mpk) aktivnymi yadrami galaktik, kotorye uzhe neodnokratno rassmatrivalis' v kachestve vozmozhnyh generatorov etih superenergichnyh chastic.

    Dlya takogo vyvoda ispol'zovano 81 sobytie, kotorye byli zaregistrirovany mezhdu 1 yanvarya 2004 goda i 31 avgusta 2007. Eto ochen' "horoshie sobytiya", voobshe, konechno zhe, detektory zaregistrirovali namnogo bol'she kosmicheskih chastic. Poskol'ku traektorii kosmicheskih luchei (zaryazhennyh chastic) iskazhaetsya mezhgalakticheskim magnitnym polem, to nel'zya prosto brat' napravleniya, s kotoryh prishli chasticy, nado provesti nekotory neprostoi analiz po opredeleniyu vozmozhnogo istinnogo napravleniya na istochnik. Eto bylo prodelano. Itogom stalo obnaruzhenie sil'noi korrelyacii s aktivnymi yadrami.

    Otmechu, chto iz 22 stranic sem' zanimaet spisok avtorov. Plyus eshe est' kartinki. Tak chto sam material nebol'shoi, kak i polagaetsya v Science, i ego vsem stoit prochest'.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: origin and propagation, v kotoroi daetsya nekotoryi obzor po proishozhdeniyu i rasprostraneniyu kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. A takzhe Distortion of Ultra-high-energy sky by Galactic Magnetic Field, gde rasskazyvaetsya o tom, kak magnitnoe pole Galaktiki sposobno iskazit' traektorii chastic.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 171. 17-31 oktyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0710.3528 Obzor galakticheskoi ploskosti na H.E.S.S. (The H.E.S.S. survey of the inner Galactic plane)
    Authors: S. Hoppe for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, ICRC 2007

    Nebol'shaya stat'ya, dayushaya ischerpyvayushuyu bazovuyu informaciyu po obzoru galakticheskoi ploskosti, provodimomu na gamma-teleskope H.E.S.S. Pervaya chast' obzora vklyuchala v sebya tol'ko samuyu vnutrennyuyu chast' Galaktiki. Teper' zhe pokrytie po galakticheskoi dolgote sushestvenno rasshirilos'. Esli posle pervogo etapa polosa shirinoi 6 gradusov ohvatyvala dolgoty ot -30 do +30 gradusov vokrug galakticheskogo centra, to teper' ohvacheny dolgoty ot -85 do 60 gradusov. Razumeetsya, otkryty novye istochniki.


    sbornik statei arxiv:0710.4057 Sbornik statei gruppy H.E.S.S. dlya materialov ICRC 2007 (H.E.S.S. ICRC 2007 contributions)
    Authors: The H.E.S.S. Collaboration
    Comments: 184 pages, large file

    Vmeste sobrany vse stat'i, predstavlennye kollaboraciei H.E.S.S. dlya publikacii v materialah konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham. O mnogih iz nih my rasskazyvali v obzorah.


    miniobzor arxiv:0710.4909 Proishozhdenie galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei (The origin of galactic cosmic rays)
    Authors: Joerg R. Hoerandel
    Comments: 8 pages, Invited talk given at the Roma International Conference on Astro-Particle physics (RICAP07) June 20th - 22nd, 2007. To be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods A

    Nazvanie govorit samo za sebya. Sushestvenno, chto avtor rassmatrivaet samye raznye metody issledovaniya kosmicheskih luchei. Poetomu obzor poluchaetsya ochen' cel'nym. Kak polozheno, obzor zavershaetsya obsuzhdeniem nereshennyh problem i kratkim opisaniem budushih eksperimentov.


    Vypusk 170. 01-16 oktyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0710.1537 Odnovremennye nablyudeniya Sgr A* na Chandre i H.E.S.S. vo vremya rentgenovskoi vspyshki (Simultaneous H.E.S.S. and Chandra observations of Sgr A* during an X-ray flare)
    Authors: Jim Hinton et al. (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration)
    Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Kak izvestno, chernaya dyra v centre nashei Galaktiki - Sgr A* - vremya ot vremeni vydaet vspyshki, nablyudaemye v rentgenovskom i IK diapazonah. Odnu iz nih udalos' odnovremenno pronablyudat' i v zhestkom gamma na H.E.S.S. Kak okazalos', v gamma nikakoi vspyshki ne proizoshlo. Eto znachit, chto ochen' zhestkie kvanty voznikayut ne vblizi chernoi dyry, kak rentgen, a gde-to podal'she.


    arxiv:0710.2418 Obzor galakticheskoi ploskosti na H.E.S.S. razoblachaet istochnik Milagro (H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey unveils a Milagro Hotspot)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration: A. Djannati-Atai, E. Ona-Wilhelmi, M. Renaud, S. Hoppe
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures; To appear in the Proceedings of the 30th ICRC (Merida, Mexico)

    MILAGRO - eto nazemnyi gamma-detektor, predstavlyayushii soboi krytyi bassein s mnozhestvom fotoumnozhitelei po stenkam. On rabotal v diapazone poryadka desyatkov TeV. Ne skazat', chtoby eksperiment byl ochen' udachnym ....

    Odnim iz rezul'tatov bylo obnaruzhenie nekotorogo pyatna. Po dannym MILAGRO trudno bylo skazat' v samom dele my vidim kakoi-to istochnik, ili net. Nedavnie nablyudeniya na H.E.S.S. odnoznachno govoryat, chto eto real'nyi gamma-istochnik.

    Priroda istochnika poka ne yasna. On yavno protyazhennyi (uglovoe razreshenie H.E.S.S. pozvolyaet eto utverzhdat'). V etom napravlenii est' ostatok sverhnovoi, no poka ne yasno svyazan li istochnik s ostatkom.


    obzor arxiv:0710.2750 Perehod ot galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei k vnegalakticheskim (Transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays)
    Authors: V. Berezinsky
    Comments: Invited talk at 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Merida (Mexico) 2007

    Horosho izvestno, chto znachitel'naya chast' kosmicheskih luchei rozhdaetsya v nashei Galaktike, preimushestvenno v ostatkah sverhnovyh. No tak zhe izvestno, chto kosmicheskih vysokih energii ne mogut imet' galakticheskoe proishozhdenie. Znachit, na kakih-to energiyah dolzhen byt' perehod. No na kakih? Sobstvenno, obsuzhdeniyu etogo voprosa i posvyashen obzor.


    Vypusk 169. 19-30 sentyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0709.3390 Sostav kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii i spektr po dannym observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe (Composition of UHECR and the Pierre Auger Observatory Spectrum)
    Authors: Katsushi Arisaka et al.
    Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures

    Avtory popytalis' opredelit' sostav kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii po dannym observatorii Ozhe. K sozhaleniyu, priiti k kakomu-to chetkomu vyvodu ne udalos'. Poka sostav luchei v moment ih "vyhoda" iz istochnika s ravnym uspehom mozhno opisat' i yadrami zheleza, i kislorodom, i protonami, i ih smes'yu .... Est' nekotorye ukazaniya na to, chto vse-taki zhelezo podhodit luchshe, no poka eto lsh' ukazaniya.


    arxiv:0709.3654 VERITAS: sostoyanie i poslednie rezul'taty (VERITAS: Status and Latest Results)
    Authors: G. Maier, et al
    Comments: 4 pages; contribution to the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Prakticheski issyak potok materialov dlya konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham, posvyashennyh rezul'tatam MAGIC (kstati, avtory nakonec-taki sobrali vse eti stat'i po odnu ssylku - stalo udobnee), kak podospela pachka statei po VERITAS.

    V pervoi, razumeetsya, kratko opisano sostoyanie eksperimenta i osnovnye rezul'taty. Nu a dal'she, dlinnoi cheredoi idut raboty, posvyashennye otdel'nym aspektam.
    arxiv:0709.3657 - pro nablyudenie odnoi iz lacertid.
    arxiv:0709.3659 - pro nablyudeiya Mrk 501 i Mrk 421.
    arxiv:0709.3661 - pro nablyudenie LS I +61 303.
    arxiv:0709.3661 - pro nablyudenie M87.
    arxiv:0709.3695 - pro nablyudenie eshe dvuh vnegalakticheskih istochnikov 1ES 0647+250 i 1ES 0806+524.
    arxiv:0709.3695 - pro nablyudeniya gamma-vspleskov.
    arxiv:0709.3868 - pro nablyudeniya Krabovidnoi tumannosti.
    arxiv:0709.3975 - pro nablyudeniya pul'sarnyh tumannostei.
    arxiv:0709.3977 - pro issledovaniya atmosfery.
    arxiv:0709.4006 - pro analiz dannyh na VERITAS.
    arxiv:0709.4006 - pro issledovaniya samoi sistemy VERITAS s pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya (t.e., modelirovalsya process registracii istochnikov i tp.).
    arxiv:0709.4006 - Eto drugaya "tehnicheskaya" stat'ya. V rabote nazemnyh cherenkovskih detektorov est' nemalo hitrostei. Ved', naprimer, vosstanovit' spektr iznachal'nogo gamma-izlucheniya, nablyudaya na samom dele nekotoryi tok v detektore, porozhdennyi uzhe opticheskimi vspyshkami, sovsem neprosto.
    V arxiv:0709.4233 opisan soft, s pomosh'yu kotorogo obrabatyvayutsya dannye VERITAS.
    V arxiv:0709.4298 opisany nablyudeniya ostatka sverhnovoi IC 443.
    V arxiv:0709.4299 opisany soviestnye nablyudeniya na VERITAS, Swift, RXTE dvoinoi sistemy LS I +61 303.
    V arxiv:0709.4300 rech' idet o nablyudeniyah Krabovidnoi tumannosti na teleskope Whipple.
    V arxiv:0709.4438 soderzhitsya opisanie triggernoi sistemy VERITAS.
    V arxiv:0709.4455 mozhno prochest' o metodike, svyazannoi s registraciei pryamogo cherenkovskogo izlucheniya pervichnoi chasticy do porozhdeniya livnya.
    Kalibrovke VERITAS posvyashena stat'ya arxiv:0709.4479.
    Ob instrumentah, kotorye stoyat v fokal'noi ploskosti VERITAS napisano v arxiv:0709.4517.


    arxiv:0709.4094 Vyyavlenie svyazi mezhdu moshnymi pul'sarami i ochen' vysokoenergichnymi gamma-istochnikami (Establishing a connection between high-power pulsars and very-high-energy gamma-ray sources)
    Authors: S. Carrigan et al., for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico

    Interesnaya rabota (a zaodno ob'edinyu tut raznye stat'i H.E.S.S. dlya materialov 30th ICRC).

    Avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty sistematicheskogo issledovaniya pul'sarov v TeVnom diapazone. Sdelano eto na osnove obzora vnutrennei Galaktiki na H.E.S.S. V etu oblast' popalo 435 pul'sarov. Avtory pokazyvayut, chto moshnye pul'sary (obychno eto molodye ob'ety, u nih temp vydeleniya vrashatel'noi energii ochen' velik) ochen' chasto nablyudayutsya kak istochniki zhestkogo gamma. Iz 435 H.E.S.S. uvidel 30. Eto mnogo dazhe s uchetom togo, chto avtory ne isklyuchayut, chto chast' iz etih 30 mozhet okazat'sya sluchainym sovpadeniem. Vozmozhno, eto samaya mnogochislennaya populyaciya TeVnyh istochnikov v Galaktike.

    O drugih rabotah po H.E.S.S. V arxiv:0709.4103 rasskazyvaetsya o nablyudeniyah ostatka sverhnovoi RCW 86. V arxiv:0709.4103 opisano otkrytie kandidata v pul'sarnye tumannosti - istochnika HESS J1718-385. Dlya nekotoryh ob'ektov H.E.S.S. daet tol'ko verhnie predely. Svodka takovyh dlya aktivnyh yader galaktik dana v stat'e arxiv:0709.4598. A vot galaktika PG 1553+113 byla obnaruzheno, chto i opisano v arxiv:0709.4602. Vspyshka aktivnogo yadra PKS 2155-304 opisana v rabote arxiv:0709.4608. Avtory utverzhdayut, chto vspyshka dostatochno neobychna. Nakonec, stat'ya arxiv:0709.4621 posvyashena nablyudeniyam ostatka sverhnovoi RX J0852.0-4622.
    Ob otkrytii ocherednoi lacertidy i ogranicheniyah na vnegalakticheskoe fonovoe izluchenie mozhno prochest' v arxiv:0709.4584 (eto uzhe ne materialy konferencii, a original'naya stat'ya).


    Vypusk 168. 11-18 sentyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0709.1380 Nablyudeniya gamma-vspleskov na teleskope MAGIC: sostoyanie i perspektivy (Observation of GRBs by the MAGIC Telescope, Status and Outlook)
    Authors: D. Bastieri et al.
    Comments: Contribution to the 30th ICRC, Merida Mexico, July 2007 on behalf of the MAGIC Collaboration

    Na nazemnom gamma-teleskope MAGIC regulyarno provodyat poiski signala ot gamma-vspleskov. Poka, uvy, nichego ne obnaruzheno. No o tom, kakie est' plany i nadezhdy, mozhno prochest' v etoi stat'e.

    Statei po rezul'tatam MAGIC poyavilas' massa. O nablyudeniyah gamma-vspleskov na MAGIC sm. takzhe arxiv:0709.1386. O poiske tau-neitrino - arxiv:0709.1462. Ob otkrytii zhestkogo gamma ot 3S 279 - v arxiv:0709.1475. O monitoringe blazarov - tut. O registracii izlucheniya ot BL Lac v 0709.2265, O nablyudeniyah drugoi lacertidy, provedennyh sovmestno s rentgenovskimi sputnikami, chitaite v sleduyushei stat'e. O nablyudeniyah vo vremya sumerek i pri lunnom svete chitaite zdes'. O nablyudeniyam mikrokvazarov - v 0709.2288. O poiskah istochnikov kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii - zdes'. O testovyh progonah v ramkah podgotovki k sovmestnym nablyudeniyam s neitrinnymi proektami mozhno prochest' zdes'.

    O tehnologii, ispol'zuemoi pri sozdanii zerkala MAGIC-II (bolee krupnoi i sovremennoi versii, vtoroi teleskop budet stoyat' ryadom s pervym, i oni budut rabotat' v pare) mozhno prochest' zdes': arxiv:0709.1372. Kamera, kotoraya budet ustanovlena na MAGIC-II, opisana v arxiv:0709.2474 O statuse postrioki vtorogo teleskama sm. 0709.2605.

    Apgreidu teleskopa posvyashena stat'ya arxiv:0709.2363. Eshe o tehnicheskih aspektah raboty MAGIC sm. arxiv:0709.1410, arxiv:0709.1574, arxiv:0709.1694, arxiv:0709.2052.


    arxiv:0709.1422 Observatoriya P'era Ozhe: sostoyanie i rezul'taty (Pierre Auger Observatory status and results)
    Authors: Veronique Van Elewyck, for the Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures. Prepared for the proceedings of the 42nd Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, La Thuile, Italy, 10-17 Mar 2007

    Ocherednoi "dezhurnyi" otchet o sostoyanii del na observatorii im. P'era Ozhe. Hotya osobyh novostei net, no vvidu vazhnosti temy obrashayu vashe vnimanie (takzhe mozhno posmotret' i arxiv:0709.250094 na tu zhe temu).

    O rabote toi, chasti Observatorii, kotoraya sostoit iz 1600 nazemnyh cherenkovskih detektorov, mozhno prochest' tut.

    Takzhe sm. 0709.2125, gde rech' idet o tom naskol'ko akkuratno eti detektory vosstanavlivayut svoistva pervichnoi chasticy.


    arxiv:0709.1735 CGRaBS: Obzor kandidatov v gamma-blazary (CGRaBS: An All-Sky Survey of Gamma-Ray Blazar Candidates)
    Authors: Stephen E. Healey, et al.
    Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS

    Lyudi prodolzhayut gotovit'sya k zapusku GLAST. V dannoi stat'e predstavlen katalog yarkih blazarov, kotorye, kak mozhno ozhidat', okazhutsya yarkimi i v gamma-diapazone. Otbor proizvodilsya v pervuyu ochered' po radiospektram. Vsego v spisok voshlo 1625 ob'ektov, kotorye dostatochno ravnomerno raspredeleny po nebu (krome, konechno, polosy vdol' Mlechnogo Puti).

    Tablicu s dannymi mozhno skachat' zdes'.

    Takzhe teme gamma-blazarov, no uzhe v svyazi s nablyudeniyami na AGILE i MAGIC, posvyashena stat'ya 1881.


    arxiv:0709.2048 Cherenkov Telescope Array: sleduyushee pokolenie nazemnyh gamma-observatorii (Cherenkov Telescope Array: The next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory)
    Authors: G. Hermann, et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, July 2007

    Krome SKA - gigantskoi antennoi reshetki, rabotayushei v radio - planiruyut stroit' i krupnye sistemy nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov. Ideya, na pal'cah, dostatochno prostaya. Voz'mem ne 4 teleskopa (kak v chrezvychaino uspeshnom H.E.S.S.), a gorazdo bol'she. Dobavim novye tehnologii - i poluchim superinstrument. Na samom deel, konechno, vse slozhnee. V chastnosti, nado detal'no prorabatyvat' nauchnuyu programmu i tp. Etim seichas i zanimaetsya bol'shaya mezhdunarodnaya gruppa uchenyh. Prochitat' pro eto mozhno v stat'e, a mozhno na saite proekta CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array).

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 167. 25 avgusta - 10 sentyabrya 2007

    miniobzor arxiv:0709.0704 "Belaya kniga" o sostoyanii i budushem nazemnoi gamma-astronomii (White Paper on the Status and Future of Ground-based Gamma-ray Astronomy)
    Authors: H. Krawczynski et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    V svyazi s burnym razvitiem nazemnoi gamma-astronomii astrofizicheskoe podrazdelenie Amerikanskogo fizicheskogo obshestva zakazalo podorbnyi otchet (t.n. "beluyu knigu") po etoi teme. V korotkoi zametke avtory opisyvayut rabotu gruppy, zanimayusheisya sostavleniem otcheta.


    arxiv:0709.0772 Astrofizicheskaya motivaciya dlya modernizacii yuzhnoi observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe (Astrophysics Motivation behind the Pierre Auger Southern Observatory Enhancements)
    Authors: Gustavo Medina-Tanco, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: Proc. of the 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Dlya yuzhnoi (argentinskoi) chasti observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe zaplanirovan vvod v stroi novyh detektorov. Kak ni stranno, no cel'yu yavlyaetsya ne dvizhenie v storonu registracii bolee energichnyh kosmicheskih luchei, a naoborot. Delo v tom, chto luchi s energiei menee 1018 eV registriruyutsya ne slishkom horosho. Ved' iznachal'noi cel'yu byli imenno luchi sverhvysokih energii! Teper' uchenye hotyat protyanut' chuvstvitel'nost' priborov v storonu bolee nizkih energii (razumeetsya, sdelat' eto gorazdo proshe, chem povyshat' veroyatnost' registracii bolee energichnyh chastic).

    Novovvedenie pozvolit izuchat' na observatorii oblasti spektra, nazyvaemye "vtorym kolenom" i "lodyzhka" (iznachal'no byl vveden termin "koleno", otrazhayushii izlom v spektre). Bezuslovno, ochen' vazhno poluchat' dannye v dostatochno shirokom diapazone v ramkah odnogo i togo zhe eksperimenta.


    arxiv:0709.0634 Detektory kosmicheskih luchei na Zemle i v kosmose (Detectors for Cosmic Rays on Ground and in Space)
    Authors: Hiroyasu Tajima
    Comments: 14 pages, 21 figures, Invited Talk at 11th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria, February 19-24, 2007, To be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods A

    Avtor daet obzor sovremennyh eksperimentov v oblasti kosmicheskih luchei: observatoriya im. Ozhe, PAMELA, ICECUBE, ANITA, rassmatrivaet cherenkovskie teleskopy (CANGAROO, HESS, MAGIC, VERITAS), zatem rech' idet o sputnike GLAST.


    Vypusk 166. 14-24 avgusta 2007

    missiya arxiv:0708.1808 Zapusk kosmicheskogo eksperimenta PAMELA (Launch of the Space experiment PAMELA)
    Authors: M. Casolino et al.
    Comments: Accepted for publication on Advances in Space Research

    Takzhe bolee goda rabotaet na orbite ital'yansko-rossiiskii sputnik PAMELA. On prednaznachen dlya izucheniya kosmicheskih luchei. Osobuyu rol' v programme zanimaet poisk antiyader (antiprotony i bolee tyazhelye). V stat'e eshe raz opisyvaetsya eksperiment, ego zadachi, i rezul'taty pervyh mesyacev raboty.


    arxiv:0708.2742 Al'bedo Luny v gamma-luchah (The Gamma-ray Albedo of the Moon)
    Authors: Igor V. Moskalenko, Troy A. Porter
    Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures, emulateapj.cls; to appear in the Astrophysical Journal

    Avtory detal'no vychislyayut al'bedo v gamma-luchah razlichnyh energii. Okazyvaetsya, pri nalichii horoshih vychislenii i kalibrovki (s poslednim dolzhen pomoch' sputnik PAMELA) mozhno po gamma-dannym (naprimer so sputnika GLAST ili AGILE) monitorirovat' spektr (ne potok, a imenno spektr!) kosmicheskih luchei okolo Zemli.


    arxiv:0708.2934 Nablyudeniya galakticheskih istochnikov ochen' vysokih energii na teleskope MAGIC (Observation of Galactic Sources of Very High Energy Gamma-Rays with the MAGIC Telescope)
    Authors: H. Bartko
    Comments: Mod. Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 22, No. 29 (2007) pp. 2167-2174

    Poskol'ku seichas nazemnaya gamma-astronomiya perezhivaet period burnogo rosta, ya stremlyus' obrashat' vnimanie na tekushie obzory, ibo bystro poyavlyayutsya novye dannye.

    Daetsya kratkii obzor osnovnyh rezul'tatov, poluchennyh na teleskope MAGIC po istochnikam v nashei Galaktike (ostatki svehnovyh, pul'sary, dvoinye sistemy).

    Zaodno otmechu novyi rezul'tat H.E.S.S.: otkrytie gamma-izlucheniya ot eshe odnogo blazara (1ES 0347-121). Ob etom mozhno pochitat' v stat'e arxiv:0708.3021.


    Vypusk 164. 20-31 iyulya 2007

    arxiv:0707.2815 Nablyudeniya lacertid 3C 66A i OJ 287 na ochen' vyskoih energiyah (Very high energy observations of the BL Lac objects 3C 66A and OJ 287)
    Authors: T. Lindner et al.
    Comments: 24 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

    Sobstvenno, nichego supervydayushegosya tut net - nu otnablyudali eshe paru lacertid na sotnyah GeV. Odnako dannyi rezul'tat - eto povod skazat' paru slov ob odnoi ochen' interesnoi ustanovke - STACEE.


    STACEE - Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment

    STACEE - eto solnechnaya stanciya. Tam mnogo-mnogo zerkal, kotorye dnem sobirayut solnechnyi svet, chtoby davat' energiyu. A vot po nocham na STACEE vedut nablyudeniya kosmicheskih luchei! I dazhe poluchayut rezul'taty. Konechno, specializirovannye ustanovki tipa H.E.S.S., MAGIC luchshe, no tem ne menee ...


    miniobzor arxiv:0707.2915 Gamma fon: obzor (Gamma-ray background: a review)
    Authors: Tanja M. Kneiske
    Comments: 10 pages, 2 figures, proc. of FRASCATI workshop 2007, Vulcano, Italy, to be pub. in Chinese Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics

    Esli s rentgenovskim fonom (dazhe zhestkim) situaciya na 80-90 procentov yasna, to s gamma-fonom ne vse tak prosto. V obzore privodyatsya osnovnye dannye, summiruyushie nashe znanie "do GLAST".


    arxiv:0707.4541 GAW - atmosfernyi cherenkovskii teleskop s bol'shim polem zreniya (GAW - An Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope with Large Field of View)
    Authors: G. Cusumano et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, PDF format, Proceedings of 30th ICRC, International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 3-11 July 2007

    GAW - Gamma Air Watch. Eto prototip, na kotorom otrabatyvayutsya novye tehnologii. On budet sostoyat' iz treh 2-metrovyh zerkal. Ideya sostoit v poluchenie vysokogo kachestva rezul'tatov pri bol'shom pole zreniya (24 na 24 gradusa). Pervyi iz treh teleskopov budet ustanovlen uzhe etoi osen'yu.


    Vypusk 163. 01-19 iyulya 2007

    arxiv:0706.4439 Nablyudeniya AYaG v diapazone GeV/TeV s pomosh'yu teleskopa MAGIC (AGN Observations in the GeV/TeV Energy Range with the MAGIC Telescope)
    Authors: Robert Wagner (for the MAGIC Collaboration)
    Comments: 7 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the proceedings of Extragalactic Jets: Theory and Observation from Radio to Gamma Ray, Girdwood (AK), May 2007

    Daetsya obzor dannyh po nablyudeniyam aktivnyh yader galaktik razlichnyh tipov na nazemnom gamma-teleskope MAGIC v diapazone energii poryadka neskol'kih TeV i nizhe.

    O novom otkrytii - obnaruzhenii zhestkogo gamma izlucheniya ot lacertidy 1ES1011+496 na z=0.212 - sm. arxiv:0706.4435.

    Takzhe sm. arxiv:0706.4442, arxiv:0706.4453.


    arxiv:0707.2638 Spektr kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii po dannym observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe i ego astrofizicheskie prilozheniya (The UHECR spectrum measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory and its astrophysical implications)
    Authors: T.Yamamoto, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, Contribution to the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida Mexico, July 2007

    Ya starayus' v svoih obzorah sledit' za poyavleniem novyh dannyh s observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe. V etoi korotkoi zametke privodyatsya dannye po, veroyatno, samoi vazhnoi teme - spektru kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii.

    Na pervom risunke privedeno tri spektra. Observatoriya ispol'zuet dve metodiki dlya registracii kosmicheskih luchei. Chashe vsego srabatyvayut t.n. vodnye cherenkovskie detektory (SD - surface detectors). Ih polnoe chislo budet prevoshodit' poltory tysyachi! Krome etogo, stoyat 24 kompleksa zerkal, kotorye yasnymi bezlunnymi nochami mogut nablyudat' vspyshki, voznikayushie posle vleta chasticy v atmosferu. Posledstviya vhodya v atmosferu nekotoryh chastic udaetsya zasech' srazu dvumya metodami - togda imeem "gibridnoe detektirovanie". V etom sluchae mozhno tochnee vsego opredelit' energiyu chasticy. Pravda, takih sobytii poka ne slishkom mnogo. Tri spektra sootvestvuyut gibridnoi registracii (kruzhki), i registracii s pomosh'yu nazemnyh vodnyh detektorov. Avtory vydelili chasticy, kotorye leteli pod uglom bolee 30 gradusov k gorizontu (chernye treugol'niki) i menee 30 gradusov. Vidno, chto poka oshibki (svyazannye v osnovnom s chislom chastic) neveliki, vse tri spektra horosho sovpadayut drug s drugom. V oblasti samyh bol'shih energii poka chastic malo, tochki nachinayut "prygat'", vozrastayut oshibki (pokazany "usikami"). No vse ravno koe-chto mozhno skazat'. Dlya etogo vzglyanem na vtoroi risunok.

    Na vtorom risunke pokazan summarnyi spektr (po dannym vseh detektorov) v sravnenii s neskol'kimi modelyami. Vo-pervyh, vazhnym rezul'tatom yavlyaetsya to, chto na vysokih energiyah spektr nel'zya opisat' odnim pokazatelem stepeni (na vysokih energiyah spektr kruche, hotya ego povedenie tam mozhet byt' i ne monotonnym). Posmotrim, chto pokazyvaet sravnenie s s modelyami. Krasnye krivye sootvestvuyut tomu, chto kosmicheskie luchi vysokih energii - eto tol'ko protony. Vidno, chto eta model' ne ochen' horosho opisyvaet dannye. Golubye krivye sootvetstvuyut smeshannomu sostavu kosmicheskih luchei (t.e. est' i drugie yadra). Zdes' sovpadenie luchshe, no vse ravno vidno, chto prostye modeli ne mogut polnost'yu opisat' spektr.

    Po suti tol'ko v etom godu observatoriya Ozhe vyhodit na polnuyu moshnost'. Tak chto dannyh budet bol'she. Budem zhdat'.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 162. 20-30 iyunya 2007

    arxiv:0706.2960 Ogranicheniya na top-daun modeli proishozhdeniya kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii po dannym observatorii imeni Ozhe (Constraints on top-down models for the origin of UHECRs from the Pierre Auger Observatory data)
    Authors: D.V. Semikoz, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, Contribution to the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Top-daun (top-down) - eto modeli, v kotoryh chasticy kosmicheskih luchei priobretayut svoi energii ne v rezul'tate razgona v kakom-to kosmicheskom uskoritele, a obrazuyutsya v rezul'tate raspadov massivnyh chastic. Novye dannye, poluchennye s pomosh'yu observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe, pozvolyayut nalozhit' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na eti modeli. A imenno, prakticheski vse realistichnye (s teoreticheskoi tochki zreniya) varianty rozhdeniya chastic v galo nashei Galaktiki okazyvayutsya isklyuchennymi.


    arxiv:0706.3940 Severnaya chast' observatorii im. P'era Ozhe (The Northern Site of the Pierre Auger Observatory)
    Authors: D. Nitz, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: Submission to the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida Mexico, July 2007; 4 pages, 4 figures

    Ta ogromnaya observatoriya dlya nablyudeniya kosmicheskih luchei, kotoraya v etom godu budet dostroena v Argentine - eto lish' polovina vsego proekta. Prichem, men'shaya polovina. Vtoruyu planiruyu postroit' v severnom polusharii, v Kolorado. Po ploshadi ona budet v tri s lishnim raza bol'she. Navernoe, prosto iz-za estestvennogo hoda vremeni, i oborudovanie tam budet chut' posovershennee (a, vozmozhno, ono budet poluchshe iz-za ucheta kakih-to problem, kotorye mogut byt' u yuzhnoi observatorii). Pravda, yuzhnaya-to uzhe rabotaet, a severnaya sushestvuet lish' na bumage.


    arxiv:0706.4065 Nablyudeniya gamma-luchei vysokoi energii ot Kassiopei A na teleskope MAGIC (Observation of VHE gamma-rays from Cassiopeia A with the MAGIC telescope)
    Authors: J. Albert, et al, for the MAGIC collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A

    S dostovernost'yu bolee 5 sigma obnaruzheno zhestkoe gamma-izluchenie (poryadka 1 TeV) ot ostatka sverhnovoi Kassiopeya A. Istochnik tochechnyi na urovne razresheniya teleskopa.


    arxiv:0706.4294 Kosmicheskie luchi i global'noe poteplenie (Cosmic Rays and Global Warming)
    Authors: T.Sloan, A W Wolfendale
    Comments: Submitted to ICRC 2007, 4 pages

    Avtory kritikuyut gipotezu o tom, chto izmeneniya klimata (vklyuchaya poteplenie v poslednie desyatiletiya) svyazany s variaciei potoka kosmicheskih luchei.


    Vypusk 161. 09-19 iyunya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0706.1248 Kosmicheskie luchi samyh vysokih energii i rezul'taty eksperimenta HiRes (Highest Energy Cosmic Rays and results from the HiRes Experiment)
    Authors: P. Sokolsky, G.B. Thomson
    Comments: 31 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics G

    Ocherednoi obzor po kosmicheskim lucham vysokih energii. Snova sravnivayutsya rezul'taty razlichnyh eksperimentov. Teper', kogda proekt Ozhe rabotaet prakticheski na polnuyu moshnost', na grafiki vsegda nanosyat i ego dannye. Esli vse budet idti po planu, to cherez god-dva situaciya v fizike kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii proyasnitsya. Poka zhe o tom, kak proekt Ozhe rabotaet v gibridnoi mode (t.e., kogda udaetsya zaregistrirovat' chasticu dvumya raznymi metodami) mozhno pochitat' v drugom svezhem obzore arxiv:0706.1105. Pro izmereniya spektra kosmicheskih luchei po dannym gibridnyh izmerenii mozhno prochest' v arxiv:0706.2643.


    arxiv:0706.1715 Poisk korrelyacii kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii s lacertidami po dannym observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe (Search for correlation of UHECRs and BL Lacs in Pierre Auger Observatory data)
    Authors: Diego Harari, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: Contribution to the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Dannye nablyudenii kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii na observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe ne podtverzhdayut korrelyacii mezhdu lacertidami (eto klass aktivnyh yader galaktik) i luchami. Ranee takaya korrelyaciya mnogokratno obsuzhdalas' v literature, i po dannym eksperimenta AGASA issledovateli nahodili takuyu korrelyaciyu.

    Poisk krupnomasshtabnoi anizotropii kosmicheskih luchei po dannym Ozhe opisan v preprinte arxiv:0706.2640.

    Sm. takzhe e-print arxiv:0706.1749, gde obsuzhdayutsya dannye Ozhe s tochki zreniya klasterov kosmicheskih luchei.


    miniobzor arxiv:0706.1767 Astrofizika ochen' vysokih energii: poslednie dostizheniya (VHE astrophysics: recent developments)
    Authors: Massimo Persic, Alessandro De Angelis
    Comments: 8 pages, invited review, Mem.S.A.It., in press

    Dana svodka poslednih rezul'tatov, poluchennyh na razlichnyh nazemnyh gamma-teleskopah (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple i dr.). Vsem rekomenduyu prochest'.


    Vypusk 159. 22-31 maya 2007

    arxiv:0705.3778 Vklad lacertid vo vnegalakticheskii gamma fon (BL Lac Contribution to the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background)
    Authors: Tanja M. Kneiske, Karl Mannheim
    Comments: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted by A&A

    Fonovoe izluchenie est' vo vseh diapazonah. Gamma - ne isklyuchenie. Dannye so sputnika EGRET dotyanuli spektr fona do 30 GeV. Daleko ne vsegda izvestny vse sostavlyayushie fona, t.e. kakie istochniki vnosyat v nego vklad. Eto mogut byt' prosto slabye, kak govoryat "nerazreshennye", istochniki. Mozhet byt' diffuznyi fon, svyazannyi s mezhzvezdnoi ili mezhgalakticheskoi sredoi. Mozhet byt' chto-to eshe.

    V dannoi stat'e avtory rasmatrivayut vozmozhnost' togo, chto chast' gamma-fona na energiyah poryadka GeV i desyatkov GeV mozhet byt' svyazana s konversiei ochen' energichnyh gamma-fotonov ot dalekih blazarov. Neobhodimost' etogo svyazana s tem, chto ob'yasnit' ves' fon prosto izlucheniem blazarov udaetsya lish' pri ves'ma ekstremal'nyh predpolozheniyah. T.o., bylo neploho pridumat' dopolnitel'nyi istochnik GeVnyh fotonov, naprimer poluchit' ih iz bolee energichnyh, putem svoeobraznoi "peregonki". Konversiya svyazana so vzaimodeistviem gamma-fotonov s fotonami nizkih energii (poslednih v prostrastve predostatochno). Vyvod sostoit v tom, chto do 30 procentov fona mozhno svyazat' s etim processom.


    Vypusk 158. 12-21 maya 2007

    arxiv:0705.2466 Analiz napravlenii prihoda kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (Analysis of the Arrival Directions of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: A.A. Mikhailov
    Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, PDF, a contributed paper presented to 30-th ICRC, Merida, Nexico, 2007

    Hotya stat'ya napisana zhutkim yazykom (ne mogu skazat', chto "angliiskim") v nei predstavlena interesnaya, no ochen' spornaya, tochka zreniya. Ona svoditsya k tomu, chto kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii mogut imet' (po krainei mere chastichno) galakticheskoe proishozhdenie i yavlyayutsya tyazhelymi yadrami.


    obzor arxiv:0705.2524 Nablyudenie galakticheskih gamma-istochnikov na H.E.S.S. (Observations of Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources with H.E.S.S)
    Authors: D. Berge
    Comments: 13 pages, 10 figures, based on a talk presented at the workshop 'Energy Budget in the High Energy Universe', Kashiwa, Japan 22 - 24 February 2006

    Dan polnyi obzor trehletnih nablyudenii galakticheskih istochnikov na H.E.S.S. Poskol'ku, schitaya etot proekt chrezvychaino vazhnym, ya staralsya regulyarno soobshat' ob ih tekushih rezul'tatah, no raspisyvat' vse v detalyah ne budu (napomnyu tol'ko ob otkrytii 14 novyh galakticheskih istochnikov). No zhelayushie mogut v kompaktnom obzore oznakomitsya so vsemi rezul'tatami H.E.S.S. po galakticheskim istochnikam. Hotelos' by v paru takoi zhe obzor i po vnegalaktike.

    Lishnii raz napomnyu, chto v etom godu sozdateli H.E.S.S. poluchili dekartovskuyu premiyu, s chem ya ih s udovol'stviem eshe raz pozdravlyayu.


    Vypusk 157. 01-11 maya 2007

    arxiv:0705.0707 Tevnye gamma-istochniki po rezul'tatam obzora galakticheskoi ploskosti na Milagro (TeV Gamma-Ray Sources from a Survey of the Galactic Plane with Milagro)
    Authors: A. A. Abdo et al.
    Comments: 11pages, Submitted to ApJ

    Gamma-observatoriya Milagro sovsem ne pohozha na H.E.S.S. (kstati, ya kak-to upustil, chto v marte etogo goda H.E.S.S. poluchil Dekartovskuyu premiyu, pozdravlyayu!). Esli H.E.S.S. registriruet opticheskoe izluchenie, voznikayushee posle vleta gamma-kvanta v atmosferu, to Milagro registriruet vtorichnye chasticy livnya, voznikayushego posle vleta takogo zhe kvanta. Hotya, ne sovsem takogo. Milagro "vidit" bolee zhestkie kvanty (primerno 20 TeV protiv 1 TeV u H.E.S.S.).

    "Smotrit" Milagro v optike, no lish' zatem, chtoby uvidet' cherenkovskoe izluchenie vtorichnyh elektronov, popadayushih v ogromnyi bassein. Chem zhestche diapazon, tem trudnee tam nablyudat', poetomu poka na desyatkah TeV nel'zya pohvastat'sya kartinkami tipa teh, chto poluchaet H.E.S.S.

    Milagro raportuet o vos'mi istochnikah (pravda, ne vse iz nih "horosho vidny"). Razumeetsya, istochnik nomer odin - Krab. Ne udivitel'no, chto sredi horosho razlichimyh ob'ektov figuriruet i drugaya blizkaya neitronnaya zvezda, izvestnaya kak gamma-istochnik - Geminga. Gemingu na desyatkah i sotnyah MeV prekrasno videl EGRET. Krome nee i Kraba eshe chetyre istochnika Milagro sovpadayut s EGRETovskimi.

    S dvumya drugimi istochnikami poka ne vse yasno. Oni nahodyatsya v Lebede i, t.o., mogut byt' svyazany s massivnymi zvezdami, molodymi neitronnymi zvezdami ili ostatkami sverhnovyh. Hotya poka vse pokryto mrakom.


    Vypusk 156. 24-30 aprelya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0704.3721 Kosmicheskie luchi: vtoroe koleno i dalee (Cosmic Rays: The Second Knee and Beyond)
    Authors: Douglas R Bergman, John W. Belz
    Comments: 46 pages, 30 figures. Topical Review to appear in J. Physics G

    Zamechatel'nyi podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi eksperimentam v oblasti kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Prichem, rech' idet ne tol'ko ob UHECR (t.e. o luchah s energiei za 1019> eV, no i chasticah na paru poryadkov menee energichnyh). V kachestve populyarnogo vvedeniya (na russkom) mogu porekomendovat' svezhuyu stat'yu v Vokrug Sveta.


    Vypusk 155. 13-23 aprelya 2007

    arxiv:0704.1715 Spektr kosmicheskih luchei, rozhdennyh v ostatkah sverhnovyh (Spectrum of cosmic rays, produced in supernova remnants)
    Authors: E.G.Berezhko, H.J.Voelk
    Comments: 4 pages with emulateapj, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

    Kak izvestno, kosmicheskie luchi s energiyami vplot' do 1016 - 1017 eV rozhdayutsya v Galaktike v ostatkah sverhnovyh. Odnako detali neizvestny. Sravnenie teorii s nablyudeniyami dolzhno provodit'sya putem sopostavleniya nablyudaemogo i predskazannogo energeticheskih spektrov dlya raznyh sostavlyayushih kosmicheskih luchei (protony, yadra raznyh elementov vplot' do zheleza). V stat'e avtory razvivayut model' generacii kosmicheskih luchei v ostatkah sverhnovyh, sravnivayut svoi raschety s nablyudeniyami, i zaklyuchayut, chto dostignuto neplohoe soglasie. Vazhneishei osobennost'yu modeli yavlyaetsya usilenie magnitnogo polya v ostatkah, chto privodit k sdvigu maksimal'noi energii v storonu bOl'shih znachenii.


    Vypusk 154. 01-12 aprelya 2007

    arxiv:0704.0171 Otkrytie tochechnogo istochnika gamma-kvantov ochen' vysokoi energii v Edinoroge (Discovery of a point-like very-high-energy gamma-ray source in Monoceros)
    Authors: F. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in A&A

    Ostatki sverhnovyh yavlyayutsya izvestnymi istochnikami vysokoenergichnyh chastic i gamma-kvantov. Poslednie voznikayut pri vzaimodeistvii chastic vysokih energii s veshestvom blizkih molekulyarnyh oblakov. Ostatok G 205.5+0.5 (Petlya v Edinoroge), nahodyashiisya na rasstoyanii primerno poltora kpk ot nas, yavlyaetsya horoshim ob'ektom dlya issledovaniya s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov, v chastnosti dlya H.E.S.S.

    V rezul'tate nablyudenii byl obnaruzhen tochechnyi istochnik gamma-kvantov (tochechnost' oznachaet, chto nikakoi struktury ne vyyavleno vplot' do nekotorogo uglovogo razmera, kotoryi v dannom sluchae sootvetsvuet lineinomu razmeru okolo 1 parseka). Priroda obnaruzhennogo istochnika poka neponyatna.


    Vypusk 151. 01-09 marta 2007

    astro-ph/0703084 Otkrytie gamma-izlucheniya ochen' vysokoi energii ot BL Lacertae (Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the low-frequency peaked BL Lac object BL Lacertae)
    Authors: MAGIC Collaboration, (J. Albert, et al)
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to ApJL

    Esli do nedavnego vremeni nazemnyi gamma-teleskop H.E.S.S. bezogovorochno lidiroval, regulyarno postavlyaya interesneishie otkrytiya (ya iskrenne schitayu, chto sozdateli proekta yavlyayutsya potencial'nymi nominantami na Nobelya, a ravno i na budushuyu premiyu Kavli), to vstupivshii nedavno v stroi MAGIC teper' stal ochen' ser'eznym konkurentom. Vot prekrasnaya tomu illyustraciya.

    Sredi razlichnyh tipov aktivnyh yader galaktik vydelyayutsya t.n. lacerticy (izvestnye takzhe kak blazary, hotya poslednie vklyuchayut v sebya ne tol'ko lacertidy, no i nekotoryi klass kvazarov, chto i otrazheno v nazvanii). Svoe nazvanie eti ob'ekty poluchili po istochniku-prototipu BL Lacertae (oboznachenie govorit o tom, chto ob'ekt byl otkryt kak obychnaya peremennaya zvezda v sozvezdii Yashericy). Eto aktivnye yadra, gde my smotrim prakticheski v samoe zherlo. Poetomu lacertidy yavlyayutsya istochnikami zhestkogo izlucheniya i tradicionno yavlyayutsya kandidatami dlya ob'yasneniya vsyakih vysokoenergichnyh fenomenov (naprimer, kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii). V zhestkom gamma, gde nablyudeniya vedutsya s pomosh'yu nazemnyh teleskopov (oni vidyat v optike vspyshki, svyazannye s popadaniem v atmosferu gamma-kvanta), otkryto uzhe mnogo lacertid. Mnogo, no ne sama BL Lac. Bylo mnogo signalov ob obnaruzhenii zhestkogo gamma, no vse oni ne podtverzhdalis'.


    Spektr BL Lacertae. Novye dannye, poluchennye na MAGIC privedeny sprava (zhirnye tochki). Spektr ob'ekta, po vsei vidimosti, izmenyaets so vremenem. Chernoi liniei pokazany novye nablyudeniya. Serym - starye dannye.

    Etot istochnik otnositsya k podklassu, kotoryi do sih por ne dal ni odnogo istochnika v zhestkom gamma. U istochnikov etogo tipa pervyi maksimum v spektre (sm. risunok) popadaet v oblast' submillimetrovyh voln ili vidimogo sveta. Vse lacertidy, kotorye ranee byli obnaruzheny v zhestkom gamma, imeyut etot pervyi maksimum v bolee zhestkoi oblasti: ul'trafioletovye ili rentgenovskie luchi. I vot, komande MAGIC udalos' zaregistrirovat' izluchenie ot BL Lac na energiyah ot 0.1 do 1 TeVa. Uchenym prishlos' summirovat' pochti 50 chasov nablyudenii. Uchtite, chto teleskopy takogo tipa mogut rabotat' tol'ko v yasnye bezlunnye nochi. MAGIC seichas yavlyaetsya krupneishim instrumentom v svoem klasse. Poetomu ne udivitel'no, chto imenno emu udalos' razglyadet' samuyu glavnuyu lacertidu.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    astro-ph/0703099 Nablyudeniya GZK zavala v eksperimente HiRes (Observation of the GZK Cutoff by the HiRes Experiment)
    Authors: HiRes Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL

    HiRes oficial'no zayavlyaet o tom, chto vidit zaval v spektre kosmicheskih luchei. Odnako, na moi vzglyad, nikto im osobenno ne poverit, poka Auger ne proverit eto s sushestvenno bol'shei tochnost'yu i ispol'zovaniem gibridnoi metodiki.


    Vypusk 150. 15-28 fevralya 2007

    miniobzor astro-ph/0702488 O sostoyanii del s provalom v spektre kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (On the status of the dip in UHECR spectrum)
    Authors: V.Berezinsky, A.Gazizov, S.Grigorieva
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures

    Korotkii obzor, v kotorom opisano, chto na segodnyashnii den' dayut nablyudeniya v voprose o nalichii GZK-zavala v spektre kosmicheskih luchei, a takzhe nalichie "provala" (dip) [v kachestve anonsa hochu otmetit', chto na 26 aprelya zaplanirovana lekciya pro kosmicheskie luchi v Politehnicheskom muzee, a v pyatom nomere "Vokrug Sveta" dolzhna vyiti stat'ya, posvyashennaya etoi tematike]. "Proval" dolzhen nahodit'sya na energiyah poryadka 1019 eV. On, kak i GZK-zaval, svyazan s vzaimodeistviem chastic kosmicheskih luchei s fotonami reliktovogo izlucheniya (hotya, est' teorii, v kotoryh analogichnaya detal' v spektre voznikaet iz-za perehoda ot galakticheskih k vnegalakticheskim istochnikam).

    Na segodnyashnii den' osnovnoi nabor dannyh sostavlen po rezul'tatam raboty detektorov AGASA (Yaponiya) i HiRes (SShA), kotorye zakonchili svoyu rabotu, a takzhe po rezul'tatam observatorii imeni Ozhe (Auger), kotoaya tol'ko nachala svoyu rabotu (tochnee, polnyi montazh budet zakonchen v blizhaishie mesyacy, no bol'shaya chast' detektorov uzhe rabotaet). Krome togo, est' dannye s yakutskoi ustanovki (Rossiya). Rezul'taty so vseh ustanovok privodyatsya v stat'e.

    Vse dannye ukazyvayut na to, chto "proval" est', hotya v rezul'tatah nablyudenii na raznyh ustanovkah on po-raznomu vyrazhen.


    Vypusk 149. 01-14 fevralya 2007

    astro-ph/0702336 Poisk s pomosh'yu H.E.S.S. pul'siruyushego gamma-izlucheniya ochen' vysokoi energii ot molodyh radiopul'sarov (Search for Pulsed VHE Gamma-Ray Emission from Young Pulsars with H.E.S.S)
    Authors: The HESS Collaboration: F.Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

    H.E.S.S. otnablyudal desyatok pul'sarov, ot kotoryh mozhno bylo by ozhidat' zametnogo potoka gamma-izlucheniya vysokoi energii. Rezul'tat nulevoi. Uchityvaya velikolepnye parametry H.E.S.S., eto ochen' ser'eznye verhnie predely. Oni ukazyvayut na to, chto na energiyah poryadka TeV v spektre pul'sarov dolzhen byt' zagib. Eto daet ser'eznye ogranicheniya na modeli izlucheniya pul'sarov.


    Vypusk 148. 13-31 yanvarya 2007

    astro-ph/0701766 Pervye nazemnye izmereniya atmosfernogo cherenkovskogo izlucheniya kosmicheskih luchei (First ground based measurement of atmospheric Cherenkov light from cosmic rays)
    Authors: HESS Collaboration: F.A. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

    S kosmicheskimi luchami do sih por svyazano mnogo zagadok. Vrode by, dannye nedavnih nablyudenii proyasnili proishozhdenie galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei: ih porozhdayut ostatki sverhnovyh. Odnako ostaetsya neyasnym, chto zhe za chasticy i v kakih proporciyah oni sostavlyayut potok kosmicheskih luchei. Eto mogut byt' elektrony, eto mogut byt' yadra (ot prosto protonov do yader zheleza). Chtoby razobrat'sya v sostave luchei nuzhno izmeryat' energii, t.e. stroit' spektr.

    Spektr energii kosmicheskih luchei tyanetsya na mnogo dekad. V raznyh diapazonah ispol'zuyut raznye podhody, svyazannye kak so specifikoi izmerenii, tak i prosto s kolichestvom chastic, delo v tom, chto chislo chastic rezko padaet s rostom energii. V diapazone ot 1 GeVa do 1 PeVa ispol'zovalis' pribory, ustanovlennye na ballonah. Odnako dlya bolee vysokih energii dannyi podhod ne goditsya, da i uzhe na sotnyah TeV hochetsya imet' chto-to bolee effektivnoe. Ploshad' detektora, ustanovlennogo na vozdushnom share, mala, a znachit mozhet okazat'sya, chto ni odnoi chasticy vysokoi energii v nego ne popadet ili, po krainei mere, ih budet nedostatochno dlya postroenii tochnogo spektra. Poetomu bylo by horosho ispol'zovat' nazemnye izmereniya. I sootvetstvuyushaya metodika byla razrabotana.

    Ideya metoda, predlozhennogo v 2001 godu Kiedoi s soavtorami, sostoit v tom, chto nado nablyudat' cherenkovskoe izluchenie pervichnoi chasticy. V sluchae nazemnyh izmerenii s pomosh'yu sistemy tipa H.E.S.S. my kak by imeem detektor s ploshad'yu v 100 000 kvadratnyh metrov (rabochim telom detekta vystupaet atmosfera). Poetomu mozhno registrirovat' izluchenie mnogih chastic s vysokimi energiyami.

    V rabote predstavleny rezul'taty issledovanii pochti 2000 sluchaev detektirovaniya pervichnogo izlucheniya chastic kosmicheskih luchei na ustanovke H.E.S.S. Udalos' vydelit' sobytiya, v kotoryh chasticei bylo yadro zheleza, i postroit' ih energeticheskii spektr v diapazone ot 13 do 200 TeV. Ozhidaetsya, chto v nedalekom budushem udast'sya protyanut' spektr i dal'she, v oblast' bolee vysokih energii.


    Vypusk 147. 22 dekabrya 2006-12 yanvarya 2007

    astro-ph/0612731 Fizicheskie rezul'taty observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe (Physics Results of the Pierre Auger Observatory)
    Authors: V. Van Elewyck, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures. Lecture given at the International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics - 15th Course: "Astrophysics at Ultra-high Energies", Erice, Italy, 20-27 June 2006.

    Uzhe v 2007 godu zakonchitsya polnyi montazh gigantskogo kompleksa dlya issledovaniya kosmicheskih luchei. Eto Observatoriya imeni P'era Ozhe v Argentine. Ustanovka vklyuchaet v sebya detektory raznyh tipov? razbrosannyh na znachitel'noi territorii. Eto pozvolit provodit' kompleksnye issledovaniya kosmicheskih luchei vplot' do samyh vysokih energii.

    Montazh detektorov provodilsya vo mnogo etapov, poetomu kakie-to rezul'taty uzhe est'. O nih i rasskazyvaetsya v stat'e. Poka nikakih sensacii net, no vidno, chto vse rabotaet kak nado.


    Vypusk 146. 01-21 dekabrya 2006

    physics/0612145 Antarkticheskaya klimaticheskaya anomaliya i galakticheskie kosmicheskie luchi (The Antarctic climate anomaly and galactic cosmic rays)
    Authors: Henrik Svensmark
    Comments: 4 pages

    Chitateli, dolzhno byt', pomnyat, chto imenno s rabot Svensmarka nachalos' vozrozhdenie interesa k voprosu o vliyanii kosmicheskih luchei na klimat. Promezhutochnym agentom v dannoi modeli vystupaet oblachnost'. T.e., kosmicheskie luchi vliyayut na kolichestvo oblakov, a kolichestvo oblakov - na klimat (chitateli, ispol'zuyushie Eksplorer mogut posmotret' nekotorye materialy i ssylki zdes' ). Poetomu ochen' vazhno ponyat', kak klimat otklikaetsya na izmenenie oblachnosti.

    Antarkticheskaya anomaliya sostoit v tom, chto dlya raionov s vysokim al'bedo otklik na izmenenie oblachnosti ne takoi, kak v drugih mestah. V Antarktike uvelichenie oblachnosti privodit ne k ponizheniyu temperatury, a k ee povysheniyu.


    Vypusk 145. 11-30 noyabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0611318 Gigantskaya vspyshka 27 dekabrya istochnika SGR 1806-20 (The Giant Flare of December 27, 2004 from SGR 1806-20)
    Authors: Steven E. Boggs et al.
    Comments: 32 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Pochti dva goda nazad proizoshla gigantskaya vspyshka magnitara SGR 1806-20, a stat'i vse poyavlyayutsya i poyavlyayutsya.... V dannoi predstavlen detal'nyi analiz na osnove dannyh indiiskogo sputnika RHESSI. Krome gamma-detektorov, kotorye "oslepli" v moment maksimuma vspyshki, na ego bortu byli i detektory chastic, kotorye vse-taki pozvolyayut poluchit' dannye o vspleske dazhe vo vremya naibol'shego potoka.


    obzor astro-ph/0611387 Kosmicheskie luchi ot kolena do vtorogo kolena: ot 10^14 do 10^18 eV (Cosmic rays from the knee to the second knee: 10^14 to 10^18 eV)
    Authors: Joerg R. Hoerandel
    Comments: Lecture given at the International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics, 15th Course: Astrophysics at Ultra-high Energies, 20-27 June 2006, Ettore Majorana Centre Erice, Sicily, Italy

    Dlya menya vsegda bylo udivitel'nym, chto pri stol' malom obilii dannyh fizika i astrofizika kosmicheskih luchei predstavlyayut soboi stol' obshirnuyu oblast' issledovanii. Desyatiletiyami lyudi b'yutsya nad razgadkoi prirody detalei v energeticheskom spektre etih chastic, priletayushih k nam iz kosmosa. Schitaetsya, chto ponimanie etih izlomov v spektre (koleno i t.n. "vtoroe koleno") dolzhno rasskazat' nam ochen' mnogoe ne tol'ko o proishozhdenii etih chastic, no i o Galaktike i Vselennoi.

    V obzore razbirayutsya nablyudatel'nye metodiki, primenyashiesya dlya issledovaniya chastic v diapazone energii ot 10^14 do 10^18 eV i opisyvayutsya novye rezul'taty.

    Sm. takzhe obzor astro-ph/0611884, posvyashennyi toi zhe tematike.


    obzor astro-ph/0611521 Vysokoenergichnye proyavleniya astrofizicheskih strui (High-Energy Aspects of Astrophysical Jets)
    Authors: Amir Levinson
    Comments: Invited review, comments will be appreciated

    V obzore dostatochno detal'no rassmotreny proyavleniya astrofizicheskih dzhetov ot mikrokvazarov, aktivnyh yader galaktik i gamma-vspleskov v diapazone vysokih energii. Rech' idet ne tol'ko o gamma-izluchenii, no i o chasticah, v tom chisle i o vysokoenergichnyh neitrino.


    astro-ph/0611598 VERITAS: sostoyanie i rezul'taty (VERITAS: Status and Performance)
    Authors: J. Holder, the VERITAS collaboration
    Comments: 8 pages. Submitted to Proceedings of "Science with New Generation of High Energy Gamma-ray Experiments", Elba 2006

    Opisana sistema gamma-teleskopov VERITAS. Pervyi teleskop uzhe rabotaet. Sootvetstvenno, avtoram est' chto rasskazat'.


    astro-ph/0611691 Otkrytie TeVnyh gamma-luchei ot oblasti v Lebede (Discovery of TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy)
    Authors: A. A. Abdo et al.
    Comments: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters

    Na gamma-observatorii Milagro obnaruzheno izluchenie na 12 TeVah ot chego-to, nahodyashegosya v sozvezdii Lebedya. Chto tam izluchaet - neponyatno. Vse-taki razreshenie na takih vysokih energiyah ochen' plohoe.


    miniobzor nucl-ex/0611040 Nedavnie rezul'taty s RHIC i nekotorye uroki dlya fizikov-kosmikov (Recent Results from RHIC & Some Lessons for Cosmic-Ray Physicists)
    Authors: Spencer R. Klein
    Comments: 8 pgs; invited talk presented at the XIVth International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2006)

    RHIC - Relyativistskii kollaider tyazhelyh ionov. Na nem stalkivayut, naprimer, yadra zolota, v rezul'tate chego obrazuetsya kvark-glyuonnaya plazma. Rezul'taty eksperimentov, opisannyh v stat'e, interesny ne tol'ko sami po sebe, no i v prilozhenii k processam, svyazannym s kosmicheskimi luchami.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.



    Vypusk 144. 01-10 noyabrya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0611191 Favority sredi astrofizicheskih istochnikov neitrino (Best-Bet Astrophysical Neutrino Sources)
    Authors: Charles D. Dermer
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, in Proc. of TeV-Particle Astrophysics II, Madison, WI, 28-31 Aug, 2006

    Poskol'ku est' nadezhda, chto v blizhaishie gody chuvstvitel'nost' detektorov budet dostatochnoi dlya registracii astrofizicheskih neitrino vysokih energii, aktual'no obsudit' naibolee perspektivnye istochniki. V ih chislo voshli gamma-vspleski, blizary, mikrokvazary i ostatki sverhnovyh.


    hep-ex/0611008 Nablyudeniya effekta Askaryana vo l'du (Observations of the Askaryan Effect in Ice)
    Authors: The ANITA collaboration: S. W. Barwick et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures

    Eshe v 1962 godu Askaryan opublikoval v ZhETF stat'yu, v kotoroi byl opisan effekt, kotoryi, pohozhe, privedet k poyavleniyu naibolee effektivnogo metoda registracii neitrino ochen'-ochen' vysokih energii (poryadka milliona TeV). Effekt byl eksperimental'no proveren v neskol'kih sredah, no bylo ochen' vazhno provesti proverku dlya l'da, ibo imenno v etoi srede stoyat prototipy budushih krupnyh detektorov. I vot, v rezul'tate oblucheniya semitonnoi glyby l'da, effekt proveren i dlya l'da.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 143. 18-31 oktyabrya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0610707 Gamma dvoinye (Gamma-ray binaries)
    Authors: I.F. Mirabel
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures. Invited talk to appear in Proceedings of the conference "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources", Barcelona, 4-7 July 2006

    Gamma-astronomiya perezhivaet period burnogo razvitiya blagodarya poyavleniyu vysokoklassnyh nazemnyh ustanovok (H.E.S.S., MAGIC). Krome togo, v samom blizhaishem budushem planiruetsya zapusk neskol'kih kosmicheskih apparatov, nablyudayushih v gamma-diapazone (GLAST, AGILE). Poetomu v literature aktivno obsuzhdayutsya izvestnye i vozmozhnye istochniki, izluchayushie v gamma (nebol'shoi obzor po etoi tematike mozhno naiti zdes').

    Sredi mnozhestva tipov astronomicheskih ob'ektov, izluchayushih v gamma-diapazone (rech' idet v osnovnom o diapazone ot desyatkov MeV do neskol'kih TeV) est' i dvoinye. Na segodnyashnii den' izvestno vsego tri istochnika, odnako yasno, chto ih dolzhno byt' bol'she. Vse nashe sovremennoe znanie o dvoinyh, izluchayushih v gamma, summirovano v kratkom obzore Mirabelya.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0610788 Vzaimodeistviya kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii - obzor (High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions -- an Overview)
    Authors: Sergey Ostapchenko
    Comments: 4 pages, Prepared for the 2nd Workshop on Tev Particle Astrophysics, 28-31 August 2006, Madison, WI, USA

    Rech' idet o tom, chto proishodit s chasticei vysokoi energii, kogda ona vletaet v zemnuyu atmosferu. Tema eta ochen' vazhna i aktual'na. Seichas idet mnogo eksperimentov po izucheniyu kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii. No ved' my ne registriruem neposredstvenno pervichnye chasticy. My fiksiruem posledstviya ih vzaimodeistviya s atmosferoi. I zdes' eshe mnogo voprosov.

    V korotkom obzore net ni odnoi formuly. T.o., avtoru udalos' na pal'cah rasskazat' o vazhnyh momentah vzaimodeistviya kosmicheskih luchei s veshestvom atmosfery i o putyah resheniya imeyushihsya problem.


    Vypusk 140. 01-15 sentyabrya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0609149 Rezul'taty po galakticheskim istochnikam po dannym pervogo cikla raboty MAGIC (Results from MAGIC's first observation cycle on galactic sources)
    Authors: Javier Rico (for the MAGIC Collaboration)
    Comments: 6 pages, 8 figures. Prepared for "The Multi-messenger Approach to High-energy Gamma-ray Sources", Barcelona (Spain) 4-7 July 2006

    Kratkoe izlozhenie rezul'tatov pervogo cikla nablyudenii na nazemnom gamma-teleskope MAGIC.

    Rezul'taty po vnegalakticheskim istochnikam summirovany v sleduyushei stat'e astro-ph/0609152.


    astro-ph/0609403 Nablyudeniya zavala GZK v eksperimente HiRes (Observation of the GZK Cutoff by the HiRes Experiment)
    Authors: G.B. Thomson, for the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) Collaboration
    Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Proceedings of the Quarks'06 Conference

    Kak izvestno, v spektre kosmicheskih luchei na ochen' vysokih energiyah Greizenom, Zacepinym i Kuz'minym (GZK) okolo 40 let nazad byl predskazan zaval, svyazannyi s vzaimodeistviem chastic s reliktovym fonom. Neskol'ko let nazad eksperimentatory dobralis' do etoi oblasti spektra. Chastic s vysokimi energiyami malo (chto-to v duhe odnoi chasticy na kvadratnyi kilometr raz v god). Poetomu stroyatsya gigantskie ustanovki, sposobnye poluchat' dannye o potoke chastic na bol'shoi ploshadi. Est' raznye metodiki nablyudeniya takih chastic, raznye sposoby ocenki ih energii. V techenii ryada let shel spor o tom, nablyudaetsya li zaval ili net.

    V amerikanskom eksperimente HiRes uchenym udalos' uvidet' zaval. Etot rezul'tat i opisan v stat'e. Rezul'taty yaponskogo eksperimenta (Agasa) neskol'ko protivorechivy. Na protyazhenii rada let ego avtory zayavlyali ob otsutstvii zavala. No v poslednee vremya posle pereobrabotki dannym s pomosh'yu novogo programmnogo obespecheniya (paket CORSIKA) byl poluchen rezul'tat, sovmestimyi s dannymi HiRes. Znachimost' rezul'tatov ne slishkom vysokaya, poetomu pridetsya zhdat' rezul'tatov eksperimenta Ozhe.


    Vypusk 139. 01-31 avgusta 2006

    obzor astro-ph/0608042 TeVnaya astrofizika: obzor (TeV Astrophysics, A Review)
    Authors: Wei Cui
    Comments: 16 pages, Invited review, to be published in the proceedings of the Vulcano Workshop 2006 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli & G. Mannocchi (eds.), Italian Physical Society, Editrice Compositori, Bologna, Italy. References updated

    Horoshii obzor po istochnikam, izluchayushim kvanty s energiei poryadka TeVa, kotorye, sootvetstvenno, registriruyut nazemnye gamma-teleskopy.

    Na russkom pro gamma-istochniki mozhno koe-chto pochitat' v svezhei stat'e na Astronete.


    astro-ph/0608149 GRI: kosmicheskii gamma-teleskop (GRI: the gamma-ray imager mission)
    Authors: Juergen Knoedlseder
    Comments: 13 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6266, p. 61 (2006)

    Opisyvaetsya proekt gamma-teleskopa, kotoryi smozhet stroit' izobrazhenie. T.e. eto budet ne prosto "gamma-detektor", a imenno chto gamma-teleskop, kotoryi smozhet fokusirovat' gamma-luchi.


    astro-ph/0608225 Obzor 56-ti oblastei lokalizacii istochnikov EGRET dlya poiska radiopul'sarov (A Survey of 56 Mid-latitude EGRET Error Boxes for Radio Pulsars)
    Authors: F. Crawford, et al.
    Comments: 24 pages, including 4 figures and 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

    EGRET - eto odin iz gamma-detektorov na bortu CGRO. Podavlyayushee bol'shinstvo istochnikov, zaregistrirovannyh etim priborom, ostaetsya neotozhdestvlennym. Schitaetsya, chto est' tri osnovnye sostavlyayushie. Vo-pervyh, eto vnegalakticheskie istochniki (aktivnye yadra galaktik, v osnovnom, vidimo, blazary). Oni raspredeleny ravnomerno po nebesnoi sfere. Vo-vtoryh, eto istochniki v diske Galaktiki. Nakonec, est' eshe populyaciya, svyazannaya s Poyasom Gulda. Raschety pokazyvali, chto v Poyase dolzhno byt' mnogo radiopul'sarov, kotorye i dali by neobhodimyi gamma-potok (otmechu, chto odna iz novyh populyacii neitronnyh zvezd - Velikolepnaya semerka - tochno svyazana s Poyasom). Avtory stat'i proveli special'nyi poisk radiopul'sarov v oblastyah lokalizacii neotozhdestvlennyh istochnikov EGRET, polozhenie kotoryh na nebe mozhet govorit' o vozmozhnoi svyazi s Poyasom Gulda.

    Rezul'taty poiska okazalis' otricatel'nymi. Nesmotrya na obnaruzhenie neskol'kih novyh pul'sarov net ni odnogo, kotoryi mozhno bylo by svyazat' s kakim-to iz gamma-istochnikov. Avtory polagayut, chto ocenki chisla radiopul'sarov v Poyase Gulda byli slishkom optimistichnymi.

    Ya lichno polagayu, chto istochniki taki dolzhny byt' svyazany s odinochnymi molodymi neitronnymi zvezdami v Poyase Gulda. Otkrytiya poslednih let uzhe priuchili nas k tomu, chto molodye neitronnye zvezdy vovse ne obyazatel'no dolzhny proyavlyat' obychnuyu radiopul'sarnuyu aktivnost'. Zapusk sputnika GLAST privedet k tomu, chto koordinaty gamma-istochnikov budut opredeleny gorazdo tochnee. Nuzhno budet tshatel'no poiskat' v novyh oblastyah lokalizacii neitronnye zvezdy.


    astro-ph/0608697 PAMELA (PAMELA - A Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics)
    Authors: P. Picozza et al.
    Comments: 38 pages

    Kak izvestno, nedavno nashim nositelem byl zapushen ital'yansko-rossiiskii (bol'she ital'yanskii, chem rossiiskii) sputnik PAMELA. S rossiiskoi storony s nim mnogo rabotali kollegi iz MIFI.

    V stat'e, sobstvenno, opisan pribor i ego zadachi. Apparatura prednaznachena dlya izucheniya kosmicheskih luchei, a tochnee dlya izucheniya potoka antiprotonov (a takzhe drugih antichastic) i legkih yader.


    Vypusk 138. 01-31 iyulya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0607109 Kosmicheskie luchi: nedavnii progress i tekushie problemy (Cosmic Rays: Recent Progress and some Current Questions)
    Authors: A. M. Hillas
    Comments: 11 pages, 8 figures, Based on invited talk in "Cosmology, Galaxy Formation and Astroparticle Physics on the pathway to the SKA", Oxford, April 2006

    Ochen' emkii i udachnyi obzor po kosmicheskim lucham. Vsyacheski rekomenduetsya dlya oznakomleniya s sovremennym sostoyaniem del.


    physics/0607027 Proekt EEE (The EEE Project)
    Authors: R. Antolini et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Pune (2005) 8, 279-282

    EEE- ``Extreme Energy Events''. T.o., proekt posvyashen detektirovaniyu kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Ideya sostoit v ustanovke myuonnyh detektorov v ital'yanskih shkolah poslednei stupeni.


    Vypusk 137. 16 iyunya - 30 iyunya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0606393 Gamma-luchi ochen' vysokih energii ot mikrokvazarov i dvoinyh pul'sarov (Very Energetic Gamma-Rays from Microquasars and Binary Pulsars)
    Authors: I.F. Mirabel
    Comments: 4 pages, Perspective article to be published in Science vol. 312 (June 23, 2006)

    Korotkaya, no soderzhatel'naya zametka, posvyashennaya registracii kosmicheskih luchei ochen' vysokih energii ot treh sistem: dvuh mikrokvazarov (LS 5039, LS I +61 303) i odnoi dvoinoi sistemy s pul'sarom (PSR B1259-63). Otkrytiya eti ne sovsem novye, tem ne menee, ne u vseh eto na sluhu. Rekomenduetsya k prochteniyu.


    astro-ph/0606486 Nablyudeniya gamma-luchei ochen' vysokih energii na H.E.S.S. (Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Observations with H.E.S.S)
    Authors: Christopher van Eldik
    Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 41st Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, La Thuile, Aosta Valley, Italy, 11-18 March 2006

    Chto skryvat', mne nravitsya proekt H.E.S.S. Poetomu, hotya ya uzhe mnogokratno vklyuchal v svoi obzory raboty, posvyashennye rezul'tatam H.E.S.S., ya delayu eto eshe raz. Kto ne chital ob etom proekte - ne polenites'.


    Vypusk 135. 22 aprelya - 31 maya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0605191 Status gamma-astronomii ochen' vysokih energii (The Status of VHE Gamma-Ray Astronomy)
    Authors: Rene A. Ong
    Comments: 29 pages, 9 figures, Rapporteur Talk at ICRC 2005

    V poslednee vremya nazemnaya gamma-astronomiya, rabotayushaya v diapazone energii horosho za 1 GeV, perezhivaet period burnogo razvitiya. Osnovnye vehi etogo bol'shogo puti i sovremennoe sostoyanie del otrazheny v nebol'shom obzore.


    Vypusk 133. 01-11 aprelya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0604114 Razvitie observatorii P'era Ozhe i pervye rezul'taty (The Pierr Auger Observatory progress and first results)
    Authors: Paul Mantsch
    Comments: presented at the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2005), Pune, India, 3-11 Aug 2005

    Poskol'ku stroyashayasya observatoriya im. P'era Ozhe eto odin iz vazhneishih sovremennyh nablyudatel'nyh proektov, to ya starayus' upominat' t.n. status reports po etomu povodu, dazhe esli sushestvennogo progressa net.

    Observatoriya prednaznachena dlya izucheniya kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Tam budet ochen' mnogo detektorov raznyh tipov, razbrosannyh po bol'shoi territorii. Poetomu process sozdaniya observatorii sil'no rastyanut vo vremeni. Eto i daet vozmozhnost' govorit' o "razvitii". Chast' detektorov uzhe rabotayut. Konechno, chast' - eto poka malo. Tem ne menee vazhno, chto vse poka idet po planu.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0604119 Pervyi teleskop VERITAS (The First VERITAS Telescope)
    Authors: J. Holder et al.
    Comments: Accepted by Astroparticle Physics

    VERITAS - eshe odin cherenkovskii (nazemnyi) gamma-proekt. Vsego v sistemu voidet 4 teleskopa. S fevralya rabotaet pervyi. Etomu, sobstvenno, i posvyashena stat'ya. Zhal', chto u nas eto ne razvivaetsya. Est', pravda, slabaya nadezhda, chto v nedalekom budushem uchenye iz MIFI smogut zapustit' v kachestve dopolnitel'noi nagruzki na odnom iz sputnikov apparaturu dlya monitoringa neba v gamma-luchah. Eto bylo by zdorovo! Nu a poka, chitaite pro VERITAS.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0604207 Nauchnaya programmy sputnika PAMELA (The science of PAMELA space mission)
    Authors: P.Picozza, A.Morselli
    Comments: 8 pages, 7 figures, To be published in "12th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics" Moscow, August, 2005, World Scientific Publishing Co

    Sputnik PAMELA - rezul'tat sovmestnyh usilii ital'yanskih i rossiiskih (MIFI) uchenyh. On dolzhen byt' zapushen v etom godu nashim nositelem. Izuchat' on budet v osnovnom kosmicheskie luchi. Osoboe vnimanie budet udeleno issledovaniyu potokov antichastic (antiprotonov i pozitronov). Eto budet pervyi apparat, sposobnyi provodit' kachestvennye izmereniya dlya antiprotonov vysokoi energii (poryadka 200 GeV). O detalyah mozhno uznat' iz obzora.


    Vypusk 131. 13-21 marta 2006

    obzor astro-ph/0603372 Kosmicheskie neitrino ekstremal'no vysokih energii i reliktovye neitrino (Extremely High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos and Relic Neutrinos)
    Authors: Chris Quigg
    Comments: 19 pages, 11 figures in 19 files, uses pdproc.sty (included). Invited talk at NO-VE 2006, Neutrino Oscillations in Venice

    Est' nadezhda, chto novye ustanovki (IceCube, Auger, ...) smogut registrirovat' neitrino sverhvysokih energii. S reliktovymi neitrino slozhnee, no kogda-nibud' i ih nauchat'sya lovit'. Obo vsei etoi nauke (i ob astrofizicheskoi chasti, i o tehnicheskoi, i o fizike mezhdu nimi) mozhno prochest' v obzore.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0603501 Novye rezul'taty po gamma-astronomii vysokih energii (New Results from High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy)
    Authors: Heinrich J. Vlk
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, Invited paper at IAU Symposium No.230, 2005, in Dublin (Ireland); E.J.A. Meurs, G. Fabbiano, eds.; in press (2006)

    Opisany novye rezul'taty, poluchennye na nazemnyh (cherenkovskih) gamma-teleskopah tipa H.E.S.S. i MAGIC.

    Nekotorye rezul'taty v etoi zhe oblasti, svyazannye s obolochechnymi ostatkami sverhnovyh, mozhno naiti v drugom obzore togo zhe avtora astro-ph/0603502.


    Vypusk 130. 01-13 marta 2006

    astro-ph/0603021 Obnaruzhenie gamma-luchei ochen' vysokoi energii ot galakticheskogo ridzha (Discovery of Very-High-Energy Gamma-Rays from the Galactic Centre Ridge)
    Authors: The H.E.S.S. Collaboration: F. A. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, published in Nature

    Perevod slova "ridge" v kachestve astronomicheskogo termina eshe ne ustoyalsya. Poyasnyu, chto eto oblast' rentgenovskogo izlucheniya v central'noi chasti Galaktiki i vdol' ee ploskosti. Proishozhdenie etogo izlucheniya do konca ne vyyasneno (nekotorye novosti po etoi teme mozhno prochest' zdes' i zdes').

    S pomosh'yu ustanovki H.E.S.S., o kotoroi ya neodnokratno rasskazyval, ot ridzha zaregistrirovano gamma-izluchenie ochen' vysokoi energii (bolee 100 GeV). Polozhenie istochnika korreliruet s gigantskimi molekulyarnymi oblakami v central'nyh 200 pk Mlechnogo Puti. Avtory polagayut, chto ves' potok gamma-luchei mozhno ob'yasnit' odnim dostatochno molodym (10 000 let) ostatkom sverhnovoi.


    Vypusk 122. 11-23 dekabrya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0512438 Proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (The origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays)
    Authors: Pasquale Blasi
    Comments: Invited Review Talk at TAUP 2005 (Zaragoza - September 10-14, 2005). 7 pages

    Obzor sostoyaniya del v astrofizike kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Mozhno ubedit'sya, chto proryva poka tak i net. Zhdem rezul'tatov ot proekta Ozhe (Auger).


    Vypusk 119. 29 oktyabrya - 11 noyabrya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0511267 Pena prostranstva-vremeni i fotony vysokoi energii (Spacetime foam and high-energy photons)
    Authors: F.R. Klinkhamer, C. Rupp
    Comments: 9 pages with elsart; solicited talk at A Life With Stars (Conference in Honor of Ed van den Heuvel), Amsterdam, August, 2005

    Kak izvestno, esli prostranstvo-vremya imeet mikrostrukturu, to eto dolzhno skazyvat'sya na rasprostranenii fotonov. Issledovateli neodnokratno obrashalis' k etomu voprosu (mnozhestvo statei ranee uzhe obsuzhdalos' v obzorah). Naibolee prespektivnym vyglyadit poisk effekta pri nablyudenii zhestkih kvantov. V stat'e daetsya kratkii obzor sotvetstvuyushih vozmozhnostei, popytok naiti effekt, verhnih predelov i perspektiv eti predely uluchshit'.


    Vypusk 118. 17-28 oktyabrya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0510627 Kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii i observatoriya Ozhe (Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the Auger Observatory)
    Authors: Antoine Letessier-Selvon
    Comments: 12 pages, 7 figures. Proceedings of the PIC 2005 conference. Praha, July 2005

    Ocherednoi obzor, posvyashennyi observatorii imeni P'era Ozhe. Krome opisaniya dizaina i celei predstavleny pervye rezul'taty. Dlya teh, kto eshe ne uspel poznakomit'sya so vsem etim, budet ochen' interesno, t.k. imenno eta observatoriya v blizhaishie neskol'ko let prizvana reshit' zagadku kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii.


    Vypusk 117. 01-17 oktyabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0510016 Proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei (The Origin of Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: A.D.Erlykin, A.W.Wolfendale
    Comments: 38 pages, 10 figures, accepted by J.Phys.G: Nucl. Part. Phys.It

    Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie vysokoenergichnyh chastic kosmicheskih luchei. Chasticy s energiyami men'she t.n. "kolena" svyazyvayut s ostatkami sverhnovyh v nashei Galaktike. Dlya bolee vysokih energii situaciya menee yasna. Avtory rassmatrivayut razlichnye ob'ekty v Galaktike, sposobnye uskoryat' chasticy do stol' vysokih energii. Osnovnoi vyvod avtorov sostoit v tom, chto nailuchshimi kandidatami byli by udarnye volny v galakticheskom galo.


    Vypusk 114. 08-29 avgusta 2005

    obzor astro-ph/0508244 Proekt MAGIC (The MAGIC Project: Contributions to ICRC 2005, Pune, India, Part 1: Observations)
    Authors: J.Albert i Fort, et al
    Comments: 36 pages obzor astro-ph/0508273 (The MAGIC Project: Contributions to ICRC 2005, Pune, India, Part 2: Future Plans and Developments)
    Authors: J.Albert i Fort, et al
    Comments: 39 pages obzor astro-ph/0508274 (The MAGIC Project: Contributions to ICRC 2005, Pune, India, Part 3: MAGIC Detector and Analysis Details)
    Authors: J.Albert i Fort, et al
    Comments: 58 pages

    V treh stat'yah opisan proekt MAGIC.


    astro-ph/0508298 Otkrytie gamma-luchei ochen' vysokih energii ot rentgenovskoi dvoinoi (Discovery of very high energy gamma-rays associated with an X-ray binary)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration: F. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, Science 309, 746 (2005)

    S pomosh'yu ochen' uspeshno rabotayushei ustanovki H.E.S.S. udalos' zaregistrirovat' izluchenie ot odnogo iz mikrokvazarov LS 5039. Eto, v principe, ozhidaemyi rezul'tat, t.k., esli takoe izluchenie nablyudaetsya ot aktivnyh yader galaktik s dzhetami, a mikrokvazary yavlyayutsya ih umen'shennoi (i blizkoi k nam) kopiei, to razumno predpolozhit' vozmozhnost' registracii gamma-luchei vysokih energii i ot mikrokvazarov.


    astro-ph/0508466 Rabota Observatorii im. P'era Ozhe (Performance of the Pierre Auger Observatory Surface Array)
    Authors: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures, 29th ICRC 2005

    Kratko rasskazano o pervom etape raboty novogo proekta po nablyudeniyu kosmicheskih luchei. Observatoriya im. P'era Ozhe budet samym krupnym kompleksom dlya issledovaniya kosmicheskih luchei. Poka rabotaet tol'ko chast' apparatury.


    astro-ph/0508496 Kosmicheskie luchi vysokih energii ot blizkih gamma-vspleskov (High Energy Cosmic Rays from Local GRBs)
    Authors: A. Atoyan, C. D. Dermer
    Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of the Aspen2005 Workshop `Physics at the End of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum'' (Aspen, April 2005)

    Avtory stroyat model', v kotoroi chast' kosmicheskih luchei (energii poryadka 1014-1018 eV) svyazana s nedavnim gamma-vspleskom v nashei Galaktike. Chtoby ob'yasnit' dannye nablyudenii trebuetsya vsplesk, proizoshedshii na rasstoyanii poryadka 1 kpk ot Solnca primerno million let nazad.


    Vypusk 112. 22-31 iyulya 2005

    astro-ph/0507574 Poisk tochechnyh istochnikov kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (Search for Point Sources of Ultra--High-Energy Cosmic Rays Above 10^19 eV Using a Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test)
    Authors: Stefan Westerhoff et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure. To be presented at the 2005 ICRC in Pune, India, in August

    Ocherednoi otchet komandy HiRes po poisku tochechnyh istochnikov kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Napomnim, chto raznye gruppy po dannym raznyh eksperimentov (v pervuyu ochered' AGASA i HiRes) davali sovershenno raznye rezul'taty. Sama gruppa HiRes obychno daet nulevoi rezul'tat. Tak eto i na sei raz: nikakih ukazanii na nalichie tochechnyh istochnikov (tipa lacertid, naprimer) ne obnaruzheno.


    astro-ph/0507679 >Massivnye skopleniya galaktik i proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (Massive galaxy clusters and the origin of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: Elena Pierpaoli, Glennys Farrar
    Comments: 5 pages

    Ocherednaya popytka vyyasnit' korreliruyut li kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii hot' s chem-nibud'. Na etot raz rassmotrena korrelyaciya s bogatymi skopleniyami galaktik, i poluchen ne nulevoi rezul'tat. T.o., zaklyuchayut avtory, kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii svyazany so skopleniyami ili s kakimi-to ob'ektami, vhodyashimi v skopleniya. Zametim, odnako, chto statisticheskaya znachimost' rezul'tata ne ochen' velika, a, krome togo, iskat' korrelyacii s netochechnymi ob'ektami slozhnee. Tak chto radovat'sya rano, neobhodimo, chtoby drugie gruppy proverili etot rezul'tat.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0507709 Baikal'skii neitrinnyi eksperiment: ot NT200 k NT200+ (The Baikal neutrino experiment: from NT200 to NT200+)
    Authors: Baikal Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) 2005, Pune, India

    V svyazi s neskol'kimi konferenciyami poyavilos' srazu neskol'ko preprintov. podgotovlennyh raznymi dokladchikami, po poslednim rezul'tatam Baikal'skogo neitrinnogo eksperimenta (astro-ph/0507698, astro-ph/0507712, astro-ph/0507713, astro-ph/0507715).


    Vypusk 110. 15-30 iyunya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0506361 O proishozhdenii neotozhdestvelnnyh gamma-istochnikov EGRET (On The Origin Of Unidentified EGRET Gamma-Ray Sources)
    Authors: Olaf Reimer
    Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy: 2nd International Symposium, Proceedings of the conference held 26-30 July 2004 in Heidelberg (Germany). Edited by Felix A. Aharonian, Heinz J. Voelk, and Dieter Horns. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 745. New York: American Institute of Physics, 2005., p.184-198

    EGRET - eto gamma-detektor, ustanovlennyi na bortu kosmicheskoi observatorii im. Komptona. Sredi neskol'kih soten zaregistrirovannyh im istochnikov znachitel'naya dolya ostalas' neotozhdestvlennoi. Chto eto mogut byt' za ob'ekty, yarko svetyashie v gamma-diapazone, no nevidimye v drugih? Etoi probleme i posvyashen obzor. Nazovem tri tipa ob'ektov: aktivnye yadra galaktik, mikrokvazary i molodye neitronnye zvezdy. Imenno oni pretenduyut na ob'yasnenie prirody neotozhdestvlennyh istochnikov EGRET. Podrobnosti mozhno naiti v stat'e.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu "Large-Scale Anisotropy of EGRET Gamma Ray Sources".


    Vypusk 109. 01-14 iyunya 2005

    astro-ph/0506280 Otkrytie gamma-izlucheniya ochen' vysokoi energii ot dvoinogo radiopul'sara PSR B1259-63 s pomosh'yu ustanovki H.E.S.S. (Discovery of the Binary Pulsar PSR B1259-63 in Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays around Periastron with H.E.S.S)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration: F. Aharonian
    Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics on 2 June 2005

    Dvoinaya sistema PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 sostoit iz radiopul'sara i Ve-zvezdy. S pomosh'yu ustanovki H.E.S.S. udalos' obnaruzhit' zhestkoe gamma-izluchenie etoi sistemy.


    Vypusk 107. 11-19 maya 2005

    astro-ph/0505191 INTEGRAL IGR J18135-1751=HESS J1813-178: novyi kosmicheskii uskoritel' vysokih energii ot keV do TeV (INTEGRAL IGR J18135-1751=HESS J1813-178: A new cosmic high energy accelerator from keV to TeV)
    Authors: Ubertini et al.
    Comments: Submitted to ApJ Letters; 12 pages, 3 Figures

    V konce aprelya ya uzhe rasskazyval ob otkrytii novyh gamma istochnikov observatoriei HESS. Napomnyu, chto dlya dvuh iz nih ne bylo naideno sootvetstvuyushih ob'ektov v radio i rentgenovskom diapazone. Odnako Ubertini s kollegami smogli obnaruzhit' odin iz etih dvuh zagadochnyh istochnikov s pomosh'yu sputnika Integral.



    Na vernem risunke pokazano izobrazhenie, poluchennoe INTEGRALOM. Interesuyushii nas istochnik sprava. Zelenym kruzhkom oboznachen istochnik HESS. Na nizhnem risunke pokazano radioizobrazhenie, poluchennoe na VLA v ramkah obzora neba. Krugi i ellipsy sootvetstvuyut oblastyam lokalizacii istochnika po dannym rentgenovskih sputnikov i HESS.

    Priroda istochnika ostaetsya neizvestnoi. Avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnost' togo, chto eto pul'sarnaya tumannost' ili radiopul'sar v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme.


    astro-ph/0505219 Sluchainoe otkrytie neotozhdestvlennogo protyazhennogo TeV-nogo gamma-istochnika HESS J1303-631 (Serendipitous discovery of the unidentified extended TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1303-631)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration: F. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics

    Eshe odin novyi neotozhdestvlennyi istochnik otkryt observatoriei HESS. Na etot raz istochnik protyazhennyi. Otkrytie nazvano serendipicheskim, t.k. nablyudalas' dvoinaya sistema PSR B1259-63/SS 2883. Kak obychno byvaet s neotozhdestvelnnymi istochnikami v gamma-diapazone, priroda novogo ob'ekta ostaetsya poka neponyatoi.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0505335 Svezhie rezul'taty gamma-observatorii Milagro (Recent results from the Milagro TeV gamma-ray observatory)
    Authors: P.M. Saz Parkinson (Milagro Collaboration)
    Comments: .M. Saz Parkinson (Milagro Collaboration) Comments: Talk presented at the "Rencontres de Moriond: Very High Energy Phenomena in the Universe" at La Thuile, Italy (March 12-19, 2005), http://moriond.in2p3.fr/J05/. To appear in the conference proceedings

    Dana svodka poslednih rezul'tatov gamma-observatorii Milagro. Krome verhnih predelov est' i real'nye detektirovaniya!


    astro-ph/0505380 Registraciya TeVnogo izlucheniya ot ostatka sverhnovoi RX J0852.0-4622 (Detection of TeV gamma-ray Emission from the Shell-Type Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0-4622 with H.E.S.S)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. collaboration: F. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A letters

    Observatoriya HESS smogla zaregistrirovat' gamma-izluchenie ot obolochechnogo ostatka sverhnovoi RX J0852.0-4622. Detektirovanie vpolne otchetlivoe, odnako dlya kakih-to sushestvenno interesnyh vyvodov neobhodimy dal'neishie nablyudeniya.


    Vypusk 105. 21-30 aprelya 2005

    astro-ph/0504452 Aktivnost' gigantskih vspyshek magnitarov na ochen' bol'shih energiyah (Ultrahigh Energy Activity in Giant Magnetar Outbursts)
    Authors: David Eichler
    Comments: 11 pages

    Tradicionno obychnye kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski rassmatrivayutsya kak vozmozhnye istochniki razlichnyh tipov chastic vysokih energii. Odnako vspyshka magnitara, proizoshedshaya 27 dekabrya, okazalas' sushestvenno yarche izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (yarche s tochki zreniya zemnogo nablyudatelya, ee sobstvennoe energovydelenie, konechno zhe, ustupaet obychnym gamma-vspleskam). V svyazi s etim avtor rassmatrivaet gigantskie vspyshki magnitarov kak vozmozhnye istochniki kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii.

    Otmetim, chto vyskazyvalis' mneniya o tom, chto kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii korreliruyut s ul'tramoshnymi IK galaktikami (sm., naprimer dve raboty Marii Giller i ee soavtorov astro-ph/0308532; astro-ph/0203337. Odnako vyvody o korrelyacii osparivalis', sm. astro-ph/0410741). V nashei stat'e s Borisom Shternom my obsuzhdali vozmozhnuyu svyaz' magnitarov s takimi galaktikami (sm. takzhe astro-ph/0502391). V nih chislo magnitarov dolzhno byt' bol'she. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto temp gigantskih vspyshek mozhet sostavlyat' bolee odnoi vspyshki v god! Znachit, tam vyshe i veroyatnost' vstretit' molodoi magnitar. Takie istochniki mogut davat' ili bolee moshnye vspyshki (iz-za bOl'shego magnitnogo polya i men'shih periodov vrasheniya), ili zhe prosto vspyshki mogut idti chashe (tak, naprimer, glitchi radiopul'sarov chashe proishodyat u molodyh neitronnyh zvezd, gigantskie vspyshki mogut byt' svyazany s glitchami, t.o. estestvenno predpolozhit' rost ih chisla s umen'sheniem vozrasta neitronnoi zvezdy). V svete stat'i Davida Eihlera svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii i galaktik s moshnym zvezdoobrazovaniem mozhet probresti novyi ottenok, svyazannyi s bOl'shim kolichestvom magnitarov (v tom chisle molodyh) v etih galaktikah.


    Vypusk 104. 11-20 aprelya 2005

    astro-ph/0504380 Novaya galakticheskaya populyaciya istochnikov gamma-luchei ochen' vysokih energii (A new population of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the Milky Way)
    Authors: F.A. Aharonian (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration)
    Comments: Science, Vol 307, Issue 5717, 1938-1942

    Ochen' interesnaya (i dostupnaya) rabota.

    Nablyudeniya na nazemnyh gamma-teleskopah (proekt H.E.S.S.) pokazali nalichie kompaktnyh istochnikov v ploskosti Galaktiki, dlya kotoryh ne udalos' naiti dvoinikov v drugih diapazonah spektra. Sootvetstvenno, priroda etih istochnikov absolyutno neyasna.


    obzor astro-ph/0504401 Astrofizicheskie processy vysokih energii (High energy astrophysical processes)
    Authors: Todor Stanev
    Comments: 16 pages, 10 postscript figures, to appear in Proceedings of the Venice 2005 Workshop on neutrino telescopes

    V osnovnom obsuzhdayutsya processy, v kotoryh rozhdayutsya neitrino sverhvysokih energii. Eto aktual'naya tema, t.k. uzhe stroyashiesya ustanovki (naprimer, Auger) smogut ih registrirovat'. Takzhe rassmotreny i potoki kosmicheskih neitrino bolee nizkih energii.

    Vypusk 102. 21-31 marta 2005

    astro-ph/0503472 Izmerenie zateneniya Lunoi potoka kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii (Measurement of the Shadowing of High-Energy Cosmic Rays by the Moon: A Search for TeV-Energy Antiprotons)
    Authors: L3 Collaboration, P. Achard, et al
    Comments: 35 pages, CERN-PH-EP/2004-076

    Poka v CERNe bylo zatish'e s rabotoi na uskoritelyah, svyazannoe so stroitel'stvom novogo, nauchnye gruppy iskali inoe primenenie svoim sposobnostyam i apparature. V chastnosti, nekotorye obratili svoi vzor k nebu. Vselennaya, kak izvestno, - eto uskoritel' dlya bednyh.

    Komande L3 udalos' zametit' ten' ot Luny pri nablyudenii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii.

    Na risunke bolee svetlye mesta sootvetstvuyut deficitu sobytii. Kruzhkom pokazano polozhenie Luny.


    Vypusk 101. 11-20 marta 2005

    astro-ph/0503244 Registraciya TeVnyh gamma-luchei ot protyazhennogo istochnika na Milagro (Detection of TeV Gamma-Rays from extended sources with Milagro)
    Authors: P.M. Saz Parkinson, for the Milagro Collaboration
    Comments: Poster at "The XXII Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics", Stanford, USA, December 2004, (TSRA04)

    Privodyatsya rezul'taty nedavnih nablyudenii na detektore Milagro (Milagro), pozvolivshie zaregistrirovat' zhestkoe izluchenie ot vnutrennei chasti ploskosti Galaktiki, a takzhe ot protyazhennogo istochnika, sovpadayushego s 3EG J0520+2556 (etot ob'ekt, kak yasno iz ego nazvaniya, byl otkryt priborom EGRET na CGRO).


    astro-ph/0503306 Lednikovye periody i put' Solnca v Galaktike (Ice Age Epochs and the Sun's Path Through the Galaxy)
    Authors: D. R. Gies, J. W. Helsel
    Comments: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

    Avtory rasschitali traektoriyu dvizheniya Solnca v Galaktike na protyazhenii poslednih 500 millionov let. Konechno, takie raschety provodilis' i ran'she. Prosto zdes' avtory ispol'zovali bolee tochnye dannye, poluchennye blagodarya rabote proekta Hipparcos. V chastnosti, avtory opredelili momenty prohozhdeniya Solncem spiral'nyh rukavov. Pokazano, chto eto sovpadaet s holodnymi epohami v istorii zemnogo klimata. Avtory vidyat podtverzhdenie rabot, svyazannyh s vliyaniem potoka kosmicheskih luchei na formirovanie oblachnogo pokrova Zemli.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0503350 Sovremennye svyazi kosmicheskoi fiziki i astrofiziki (Ongoing Space Physics - Astrophysics Connections)
    Authors: David Eichler
    Comments: To appear in Proceedings of "Critical Phenomena in the Solar System", Ein-Boqeq, March, 2004

    Tradicionno pod opredeleniem fizika kosmosa (space physics) skryvaetsya fizika zemnoi magnitosfery, mezhplanetnoi sredy, vneshnih chastei Solnca i t.p. Avtor obsuzhdaet svyazi mezhdu etoi oblast'yu znanii i astrofizikoi. Rassmotreno tri osnovnyh punkta

  • uskorenie chastic v udarnyh volnah (ochevidna svyaz' s kosmicheskimi luchami)
  • vspyshki na Solnce (svyaz' s razlichnymi tipami vspyshechnoi aktivnosti, vklyuchaya magnitary)
  • fizika solnechnoi plazmy


    Vypusk 97. 17-31 yanvarya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0501581 Fenomenologicheskaya kvantovaya gravitaciya (Phenomenological Qunatum Gravity: the birth of a new frontier?)
    Authors: R. Aloisio et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, no figures, talk presented at the Vulcano Workshop 2004

    My mnogo pisali o tom, chto pri svoem rasprostranenii na mezhgalakticheskie rasstoyaniya chasticy vysokih energii mogut podvergat'sya deistviyu effektov, svyazannyh s kvantovoi gravitaciei. Razlichnye avtory s pomosh'yu razlichnyh metodik pytalis' i pytayutsya poluchat' ogranicheniya na parametry sozdavaemyh teorii kvantovoi gravitacii, ispol'zuya dannye po kosmicheskim lucham i po dannym nablyudenii vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov. V etoi stat'e daetsya nekotoryi obzor dannoi oblasti, kotoruyu avtory nazyvayut "fenomenologicheskoi kvantovoi gravitaciei".


    Vypusk 96. 01-16 yanvarya 2005

    obzor astro-ph/0501195 Vazhneishie problemy kosmomikrofiziki (Outstanding Problems in Particle Astrophysics)
    Authors: Thomas K. Gaisser
    Comments: 32 pages, 9 figures. This paper combines two lectures presented at the 14th International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics: "Neutrinos and Explosive Events in the Universe", July, 2004

    My pozvolili sebe ispol'zovat' dlya perevoda Particle Astrophysics bolee privychnyi dlya russkogo uha termin "kosmomikrofizika". Dannaya stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi summu dvuh lekcii, prochitannyh v iyule etogo goda v Eriche (smeyu vas zaverit', chto lekcii byli interesnymi - S.P.).

    Shkola byla posvyashena v osnovnom kosmicheskim lucham, sootvetstvenno i v etih lekciya mnogo govoritsya ob etoi tematike.


    astro-ph/0501199 SGARFACE: novyi detektor dlya mikrosekundnyh gamma-vspleskov (SGARFACE: A Novel Detector For Microsecond Gamma Ray Bursts)
    Authors: S. LeBohec et al.
    Comments: 29 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

    Rech' idet o nazemnyh nablyudeniyah na observatorii Whipple na 10-metrovom gamma-teleskope. Novaya apparatura pozvolit detektirovat' zhestkie gamma-kvanty (>100 MeV) vo vspyshkah s dlitel'nost'yu do 35 mikrosekund!


    Vypusk 95. 22-31 dekabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0412554 Gamma-vspleski: potencial'nye istochniki kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii (Gamma-ray bursts: Potential sources of ultra high energy cosmic-rays)
    Authors: E. Waxman
    Comments: 8 pages; Invited talk, XIII International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (Pylos, Greece 2004)

    Avtor yavlyaetsya storonnikom tochki zreniya o tom, chto kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski porozhdayut kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii. Sootvetstvenno, v stat'e privedeny argumenty v pol'zu takoi tochki zreniya.


    Vypusk 92. 15-30 noyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0411601 Strapel'ki v kosmicheskih luchah (Cosmic ray strangelets)
    Authors: Jes Madsen
    Comments: 8 pages. SQM2004 plenary talk. Submitted to Journal of Physics G

    My neodnokratno obrashalis' k rabotam, posvyashennym strannoi materii. Napomnim, chto ishut ee (v astrofizike) v forme kvarkovyh zvezd i v forme osobogo podvida kosmicheskih luchei. "Strapel'ki" - kapel'ki strannogo veshestva - otnositsya kak raz k poslednemu.

    Osnovnoi upor v stat'e sdelan na vozmozhnoe detektirovanie strapelek v eksperimente AMS-2 na Mezhdunarodnoi kosmicheskoi stancii (napomnim, chto prototip etogo eksperimenta videl nechto, chto pri zhelanii mozhno interpretirovat' kak strapel'ki). Predskazaniya dostatochno optimistichny.

    Stat'ya napisana ochen' dostupno, formul prakticheski net. Rekomenduem.


    Vypusk 91. 01-14 noyabrya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0411113 Kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii (Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: Todor Stanev
    Comments: 20 pages, 14 postscript figures, write-up of a lecture at the 2004 SLAC Summer Institute

    Ocherednoi obzor po kosmicheskim lucham sverhvysokih energii. Stat'ya napisana ochen' dostupno. Vse osnovnye problemy tak ili inache zatronuty, poetomu obzor vsyacheski mozhno rekomendovat' shirokomu krugu chitatelei.

    Vypusk 90. 25-31 oktyabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0410685 Kosmicheskie luchi naivysshih energii (Highest Energy Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: A. V. Olinto (KICP)
    Comments: 12 pages, 10 figures

    Nebol'shoi, no dostatochno polnyi obzor problem, svyazannyh s samymi energichnymi kosmicheskimi luchami. Osobyi interes predstavlyaet modelirovanie neba v sverhzhestkih kosmicheskih luchah.

    Otdel'no hochetsya takzhe porekomendovat' stat'yu Gorbunova i Troickogo, takzhe posvyashennuyu rasprostraneniyu kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii.


    Vypusk 87. 01-10 oktyabrya 2004

    hep-ph/0410064 Strapel'ki v kosmicheskih luchah (Strangelets in cosmic rays)
    Authors: M. Rybczynski, Z. Wlodarczyk, G. Wilk
    Comments: Presented at XIII ISVHECRI, Pylos, 2004

    Strapel'ki (Strangelets) - malen'kih kapel'ki strannoi materii. Esli verna gipoteza Vittena (1984) ob ustoichivosti strannogo veshestva , to v kosmose dolzhny letat' nebol'shie komochki, nablyudaemye, naprimer, kak neobychnye chasticy kosmicheskih luchei. Kandidaty v takie sobytiya nablyudalis' neodnokratno na samyh raznyh ustanovkah. Naprimer, interesnye sobytiya nablyudalis' vo vremya testovogo poleta AMS. Krome togo, est' t.n. price event (Z~46, A>1000), saito events (Z=14 A~350-450, exotic track events, i naibolee izvestnye centauro events (vse ssylki v stat'e, no my takzhe nastoyatel'no sovetuem posmotret' stat'yu Vittena 1984 v Phys.Rev.D30:272-285 - pochti 1000 ssylok! - i uzhe obsuzhdavshuyusya nami diskussiyu ).

    V stat'e rasskazyvaetsya o eshe odnom vozmozhnom (kosvennom) obnaruzhenii strapelek, na etot raz na Cosmo-LEP s detektorom DELPHI.


    Vypusk 86. 20-30 sentyabrya 2004

    physics/0409123 Otklik klimata na izmeneniya potoka kosmicheskih luchei i izlucheniya (On climate response to changes in the cosmic ray flux and radiative budget)
    Authors: Nir J. Shaviv
    Comments: 12 pages, 7 figures, submitted to JGR-Atmospheres

    Tema klimaticheskih izmenenii, vyzvannyh kosmicheskimi faktorami, yavlyaetsya na nash vzglyad odnoi iz samyh interesnyh. My uzhe neodnokratno obrashalis' k nei v nashih obzorah i ANKAh, v chastnosti pisali i o rabotah Shaviva. Vot eshe odna.

    Avtor pytaetsya dat' tochnye chislennye ocenki otklika klimata na celyi ryad izmenyayushihsya faktorov v shirokom diapazone harakternyh vremen. Rech', naprimer, idet i ob izmenenii potoka kosmicheskih luchei za schet global'nyh processov (vrashenie Solnca vokrug centra Galaktiki), i o 11-letnem cikle solnechnoi aktivnosti. Odnim iz vazhnyh kolichestvennyi vyvodov stat'ya yavlyaetsya raschet vklada kosmicheskih luchei (i izmeneniya potoka solnechnogo izlucheniya) v tekushee global'noe poteplenie. Nir ocenivaet ego v 0.37+/-0.13K za proshedshee stoletie (za 20 vek). Ostal'noe, po ego mneniyu, v osnovnom dolzhny sostavlyat' antropogennye faktory. Bez ucheta vklada potoka kosmicheskih luchei temperatura dolzhna byla by uvelichit'sya za schet uvelicheniya potoka solnechnogo izlucheniya (v modeli Shaviva) na 0.16+/-0.04K.

    Konechno, v takoi slozhnoi mnogoparametricheskoi modeli mnogo neopredelennostei, i v zaklyuchenie stat'i avtor ih obsuzhdaet. Otmetim takzhe, chto mogut byt' vazhnye effekty, neuchtennye avtorom (naprimer, izmeneniya magnitnogo polya Zemli, o chem my takzhe pisali).

    Vypusk 85. 13-19 sentyabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0409361 Gamma-luchi vysokih energii (High Energy Gamma Ray)
    Authors: Mathieu de Naurois
    Comments: Invited talk at the XXIV Physics in Collisions Conference (PIC04), Boston, USA, June 2004, 10 pages, LaTeX, 13 eps figures. PSN TUET07

    Nebol'shoi obzor po astrofizike gamma-luchei vysokih energii. Vklyucheny kak nedavnie otkrytiya, tak i opisaniya osnovnyh deistvuyushih i proektiruemyh ustanovok.


    Vypusk 83. 01-31 avgusta 2004

    astro-ph/0408145 Gamma-luchi sverhvysokih energii v napravlenii Sagittarius A* (Very high energy gamma rays from the direction of Sagittarius A*)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration: F. Aharonian, et al
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A letters

    Nakonec-to poyavilas' stat'ya (my slyshali ob etom otkrytii na konferenciyah), posvyashennaya otkrytiyu gamma-izlucheniya ochen' vysokoi energii ot centra nashei Galaktiki.


    Vypusk 82. 01-31 iyulya 2004

    astro-ph/0407462 Gamma-vspleski kak testery kvantovoi gravitacii (Gamma Ray Bursts as Probes of Quantum Gravity)
    Authors: Tsvi Piran
    Comments: Lectures given at the 40th winter school of theretical physics: Quantum Gravity and Phenomenology, Feb. 2004 Poland

    Poka kvant elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya rasprostranyaetsya v prostranstve (t.e. dvizhetsya ot istochnika k nam) on vzaimodeistvuet s kvantovoi (prostranstvenno-vremennoi) penoi. Eto mozhet privodit' k tomu, chto skorost' rasprostraneniya kvantov raznoi energii budet razlichnoi. T.e., esli byl ostryi vsplesk izlucheniya, to on budet rasplyvat'sya: kvanty raznyh energii budut prihodit' v raznoe vremya. Effekt naibolee sushestvenen dlya bol'shih energii, poetomu razumno ispol'zovat' gamma-nablyudeniya. Naprimer, nablyudeniya gamma-vspleskov.

    Poka chto podobnye issledovaniya davali tol'ko verhnie predely na parametry teorii kvantovoi gravitacii. Eti idei, podhody i predely summirovany v obzore Pirana.

    Otmetim takzhe, dlya ustanovleniya takih predelov mozhno ispol'zovat' nazemnye gamma-teleskopy, osobenno takie krupnye kak MAGIC.


    astro-ph/0407475 Sostoyanie i pervye rezul'taty teleskopa MAGIC (Status and First Results of the MAGIC Telescope)
    Authors: J. Cortina
    Comments: Contribution to the proceedings of the II Workshop on Unidentified Gamma-Ray Sources, Hong Kong, June 1-4, 2004

    Teleskop MAGIC - eto 17-metrovoe zerkalo, kotoroe registriruet fotony v vidimom diapazone, obrazovavshiesya v rezul'tate vhoda v atmosferu moshnogo gamma-kvanta (ot 30 do 300 Gev). T.o. eto nazemnyi gamma-teleskop.

    Ustanovka byla vvedena v stroi v oktyabre 2003 g., i uzhe polucheny pervye rezul'taty. Poka sensacii net, no vozmozhnosti instrumenta vpechatlyayut, a znachit nado prosto podozhdat' ...


    physics/0407005 Cikly oledeneniya i kosmicheskie luchi (The glacial cycles and cosmic rays)
    Authors: J. Kirkby, A. Mangini, R.A. Muller
    Comments: 16 pages

    My uzhe pisali o vzaimosvyazi potoka kosmicheskih luchei s global'nymi izmeneniyami klimata na Zemle. V etoi stat'e avtory ispol'zuyut druguyu gipotezu i primenyayut ee k drugoi (bolee korotkoi) shkale vremeni.

    Korotko napomnim sut'. V 1997 g. udalos' pokazat', chto obrazovanie oblakov sushestvennym obrazom zavisit ot potoka galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei: kogda potok vyshe, to oblakov bol'she (a, znachit, holodnee). Mozhno pridumyvat' razlichnye sposoby izmeneniya potoka galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei na urovne zemnoi atmosfery.
    1. Nir Shaviv rassmatrival prohozhdenie cherez spiral'nye rukava Galaktiki, kak vozmozhnyi mehanizm uvelicheniya potoka. Takoe uvelichenie privodilo by k globad'nomu poholodaniya, i rech' idet ob ochen' bol'shih otrezkah vremeni. (Na nedavnei shkole v Eriche molodaya sotrudnica Nira - Smadar Levy - delala doklad Open Star clusters and the Milky Way's Spiral Arm Dynamics, v kotorom podtverzhdeny vyvody rannei raboty i sdelany vazhnye dobavleniya).
    2. Prosto blizkie sverhnovye mogut sushestvenno izmenyat' potok kosmicheskih luchei (ciklichnost' mozhet byt' svyazana s ciklichnost'yu tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya v solnechnoi okrestnosti).
    3. Solnechnaya aktivnost' mozhet izmenyat' potok galakticheskih luchei. Kogda Solnce aktivno, to ono ne daet chasti galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei pronikat' vnutr' solnechnoi sistemy, oslablyaya tem samym potok.

    Avtory rassmatrivayut chetvertyi variant. Variacii magnitnogo polya Zemli mogut privodit' k izmeneniya potoka galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei na urovne verhnei atmosfery.

    Avtorami vydeleno dva perioda: 100 i 41 tysyacha let. Oba perioda proyavlyayutsya kak v indikatorah paleoklimata, tak i v indikatorah magnitnogo polya.

    physics/0407124 Kosmicheskie luchi i solnechnyi progrev (Cosmic Rays and Solar Insolation as the Main Control Parameters of the Catastrophe Theory of Climatic Response to Orbital Variations)
    Authors: V.D. Rusov et al.
    Comments: 21 pages

    Eshe odna stat'ya, posvyashennaya svyazi kosmicheskih luchei s klimaticheskimi izmeneniyami. Stat'ya ploho strukturirovana, poetomu chitat' ee nelegko. Ona predstavlyaet druguyu model', ob'yasnyayushuyu periody oledeneniya. Zdes' uzhe rech' ne idet o vliyanie kosmicheskih luchei na obrazovanie oblakov (dazhe ssylok na Svensmark et al. net).

    Vypusk 78. 13-31 maya 2004

    astro-ph/0405233 Sputnik Swift dlya izucheniya gamma-vspleskov (The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission)
    Authors: N. Gehrels et al.
    Comments: 38 pages, including 10 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ v611

    Sputnik Swift budet zapushen vo vtoroi polovine etogo goda. Osnovnoi ego zadachei budet izuchenie kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov. Na bortu budet tri instrumenta: gamma-detektor s bol'shim polem zreniya, i rentgenovskii i opticheskii teleskopy s uzkim polem zreniya dlya izucheniya poslesvechenii.

    Ozhidaetsya, chto sputnik budet registrirovat' primerno 2 vspleska v nedelyu, dlya kotoryh budet poluchena ochen' podrobnaya informaciya. Razumeetsya, ozhidaetsya, chto eto pozvolit sushestvenno prodvinut'sya v ponimanii mehanizma vspleskov. Hochetsya nadeyat'sya, chto eto budet proryv, sravnimyi s tem, chto proizoshel posle otkrytii na sputnike BeppoSAX. Ob etom apparate i ego uspehah v izuchenii gamma-vspleskov mozhno prochest' v stat'e The BeppoSAX revolution in Gamma-Ray Burst science. Teorii gamma-vspleskov posvyashen obzor Pirana The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts.

    Krome svoei osnovnoi zadachi sputnik takzhe pozvolit poluchit' obzor neba v zhestkom diapazone. Eto dovol'no vazhno, osobenno v preddverii zapuska sputnika GLAST.


    astro-ph/0405451 K voprosu o korrelyacii mezhdu nedavnim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya v okrestnostyah Solnca i periodami oledeneniya na Zemle (On the correlation between the recent star formation rate in the Solar Neighbourhood and the glaciation period record on Earth)
    Authors: R. de la Fuente Marcos, C. de la Fuente Marcos
    Comments: 20 pages, To be published in New Astronomy. Final, accepted version includes some changes

    My uzhe neodnokratno obrashalis' k voprosu o svyazi kosmicheskih luchei s izmeneniem klimata i k svyazi mezhdu potokom kosmicheskih luchei i tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya (sm., naprimer, odnu iz ANOK).

    V etoi stat'e avtory, vdohnovlennye rabotami Shaviva, rassmotreli korrelyacii mezhdu periodami oledeneniya na Zemle i tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya v 1.5 kpk vokrug Solnca. Poslednie dannye oni poluchali iz analiza parametrov rasseyannyh skoplenii i zvezdnyh associacii. Korrelyaciya okazalas' dostatochno horoshei, t.e. podtverzhdaetsya gipoteza o tom, chto periody oledenenii mogut byt' svyazany s processami v nashei kosmicheskoi okrestnosti.


    astro-ph/0405492 Spektral'nye ogranicheniya na neidentificirovannye istochniki EGRET po dannym COMPTEL (Spectral constraints on unidentified EGRET gamma-ray sources from COMPTEL MeV observations)
    Authors: S. Zhang et al.
    Comments: 9 pages including 4 figures; A&A accepted

    EGRET i COMPTEL eto dva eksperimenta na bortu CGRO. Oba instrumenta nablyudali v gamma-dipazone, no na nemnogo raznyh energiyah: EGRET na bolee vysokih.

    Sushestvuet katalog istochnikov EGRET, bol'shaya ast' iz kotoryh neotozhdestvleny. Prichin dlya etogo dve. Pervaya - tehnicheskaya. U gamma-teleskopov ochen' plohoe uglovoe razreshenie, a v kvadratike 5 na 5 gradusov obychno est' velikoe mnozhestvo istochnikov, v tom chisle potencial'no izluchayushih gamma-kvanty. Vtoraya zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto istochnik mozhet byt' yarkim v gamma, no slabym v drugih diapazonah.

    V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut chast' rezul'tatov po sovmestnomu analizu dannyh EGRET i COMPTEL. Koncentriruyutsya oni na 22 istochnikah, dlya kotoryh ekstrapolyaciya potoka po dannym EGRET daet predskazanie dlya nablyudenii na COMPTEL gorazdo vyshe real'no nablyudaemyh (proshe govorya: EGRET ih vidit, a COMPTEL - net).

    Esli iz etih istochnikov vykinut' maluyu chast', obladayushuyu znachitel'noi peremennost'yu, to okazyvaetsya, chto ostal'nye ochen' il'no koncentriruyutsya k centru Galaktiki. Eto v meru neozhidanno. Obychno obsuzhdaetsya dva tipa kandidatov v istochniki EGRET: aktivnye yadra galaktik i radiopul'sary. No pervye ne dolzhny pokazyvat' nikakoi "galakticheskoi" koncentracii (ni k centru, ni k ploskosti), a vtorye - koncentriruyutsya k ploskosti Galaktiki i k Poyasu Gulda.

    Avtory obsuzhdayut razlichnye gipotezy - millisekundnye pul'sary, rentgenovskie dvoinye, odinochnye chernye dyry i t.d. - no otveta vse net ....


    Vypusk 75. 12-19 aprelya 2004

    astro-ph/0404205 Uvideli li atmosfernye cherenkovskie teleskopy temnuyu materiyu? (Have Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes Observed Dark Matter?)
    Authors: Dan Hooper et al.
    Comments: 19 pages, 7 figures

    Dva atmosfernyh cherenkovskih teleskopa (VERITAS i CANGAROO) nezavisimo zaregistrirovali TeVnoe gamma-izluchenie v napravlenii centra nashei Galaktiki. V ramkah sovremennoi ponimaniya fizicheskih processov, protekayushih v astronomicheskih ob'ektah, ob'yasnit' eto izluchenie ne udaetsya (Zam.: po mneniyu avtorov). Avtory stat'i schitayut, chto izluchenie obrazuetsya pri raspade ili annigilyacii massivnyh chastic nebarionnoi temnoi materii.


    Vypusk 73. 16-31 marta 2004

    astro-ph/0403422 Nablyudeniya TeV-nyh gamma-luchei ot centra Galaktiki (TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of the Galactic Center)
    Authors: K. Kosack, and the VERITAS Collaboration
    Comments: 15 pages

    Po seminaram uzhe nekotoroe vremya hodila informaciya o tom, chto na amerikanskoi nazemnoi gamma-observatorii VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) poluchen znachimyi (no ne ochen' znachimyi) signal ot centra Galaktiki. I vot sobstvenno stat'ya.

    Posle 26-chasovoi ekspozicii (rezul'taty sobiralis' za neskol'ko nablyudenii s 1995 po 2003 gg.!) na urovne 3.7 sigma zaregistrirovan potok TeV-nogo izlucheniya ot nebol'shoi (15 uglovyh minut) oblasti, kuda popadaet i sam centr Galaktiki Sgr A*.

    Rezul'taty obrabotki pozvolyayut predpolozhit', chto svetit imenno tochechnyi istochnik. Odnako zametim, chto vse-taki dostovernost' 3.7 standartnyh otklonenii - eto ochen' malo. (Sm. nizhe o rezul'tate komandy CANGAROO-II).


    astro-ph/0403503 Kommentarii k stat'e "Strannoe veshestvo v kachestve kosmicheskih luchei za predelom Greizena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina" (Comment on ``Strangelets as Cosmic Rays beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Cuzmin Cutoff'')
    Authors: Shmuel Balberg
    Comments: 2 pages, slightly extended version of journal paper

    Pervaya diskussiya nachalas' so stat'i Madsena i Larsona, v kotoroi oni predlozhili (v nekotorom smysle sleduya linii, nachatoi izvestnoi stat'ei Vittena 1984 g.), chto kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii yavlyayutsya "kapel'kami" (ili luchshe "strapel'kami"? - Strangelets) strannogo veshestva.

    V svoem kommentarii Balberg daet ocenku, soglasno kotoroi, esli ves' potok kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii ob'yasnyat' kvarkovym veshestvom, to togda kvarkovyh zvezd dolzhno byt' stol'ko, chto ne ostanetsya mesta dlya obychnyh neitronnyh (adronnyh) zvezd. Delo v tom, chto v principe, popav v normal'nuyu zvezdu, kapel'ka budet dovol'no bystro prevrashat' ee v kvarkovuyu. Po mneniyu Balberga eto maloveroyatno, t.e. neverna posylka o tom, chto vse kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii - eto kapel'ki strannoi materii.

    astro-ph/0403515 Otvet na kommentarii k "Strannoe veshestvo v kachestve kosmicheskih luchei za predelom Greizena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina" (Reply to Comment on Strangelets as Cosmic Rays beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Cutoff)
    Authors: Jes Madsen
    Comments: Phys.Rev.Lett. 92 (2004) 119002

    Otvet Madsena na izlozhennye vyshe vozrazheniya zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto kapel'ka strannogo veshestva pri stolknovenii so zvezdoi budet razrushat'sya (rech' idet, konechno, o stolknovenii s protonami).

    Otmetim, chto Balberg upominaet o tom, chto mehanizm razrusheniya kapli ploho izvesten, a potomu, vidimo, avtory dolzhny soglasit'sya, chto poka prosto nedostatochno dannyh dlya togo, chtoby otvergnut' gipotezu Madsena.


    astro-ph/0403517 Otvet na "Obrezaniya i penya: kommentarii na "Skuchivanie kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii i ih istochniki"" (Reply to ``Cuts and penalties: comment on he clustering of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and their sources' '')
    Authors: N.W. Evans et al.
    Comments: 2 pages (revtex4), 4 figures; response to astro-ph/0301336, to appear in Phys. Rev D

    Tret'ya stat'ya otnositsya sovsem k drugoi diskussii. Zdes' rech' idet o tom, kakie astrofizicheskie istochniki mogut yavlyat'sya "fabrikami" chastic kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Vazhnym metodom dlya proyasneniya etogo voprosa yavlyayutsya poiski grupp sobytii, kotorye mogli by prihodit' ot odnogo istochnika. Po etomu voprosu bylo dovol'no mnogo statei (ssylki legko naiti uzhe v etoi rabote). Kak tol'ko naideny (esli vy v nih verite) takie klastery sobytii, to mozhno smotret' kakie interesnye istochniki tam est'. Evans s soavtorami otstaivayut tochku zreniya o tom, chto lacertidy ne yavlyayutsya istochnikami. V dannoi rabote oni polemiziruyut so stat'ei Tinyakova i Tkachenko. Budem zhdat' razvitiya diskussii :)


    astro-ph/0403592 Registraciya sub-TeVnogo gamma-izlucheniya ot galakticheskogo centra na ustanovke CANGAROO-II (Detection of Sub-TeV Gamma-Rays from the Galactic Center Direction by CANGAROO-II)
    Authors: K. Tsuchiya, CANGAROO-II collaboration
    Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures, aastex.cls, accepted by ApJ Letters

    Vyshe my napisali o registracii na ustanovke VERITAS TeVnyh fotonov ot napravleniya na galakticheskii centr, a vot analogichnyi rezul'tat, poluchennyi komandoi CANGAROO.


    Vypusk 71. 23-29 fevralya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0402487 Kosmicheskie luchi samyh vysokih energii (The highest-energy cosmic rays)
    Authors: James W. Cronin
    Comments: 43 pages, 38 figures

    Pervuyu chast' obzora sostavlyaet pedagogicheskaya diskussiya o rasprostranenii pervichnyh kosmicheskih luchei v mezhzvezdnoi srede i atmosfere Zemli. V ostal'nom obzor dostatochno tipichen: obsuzhdayutsya detali dvuh naibolee krupnyh eksperimentov (AGASA i HiRes) i nekotorye rashozhdeniya v rezul'tatah etih eksperimentov v oblasti energii >1019 eV.


    astro-ph/0402587 Karta neba v gamma-luchah po dannym BATSE (Gamma-Ray All-Sky Imaging with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment)
    Authors: S.E. Shaw et al.
    Comments: 16 pages, 10 figures

    Eksperiment BATSE rabotal na bortu Komptonovskoi observatorii (CGRO) s 1991 po 2000 gg. V osnovnom etot eksperiment izvesten blagodarya svoemu vkladu v izuchenie gamma-vspleskov. Odnako po dannym mnogoletnih nablyudenii mozhno sdelat' i drugie veshi (otmetim, naprimer, vazhnye raboty po dlitel'nomu monitoringu rentgenovskih pul'sarov). V dannoi rabote predstavlena karta neba v gamma-luchah po dannym BATSE.

    Karta postroena blagodarya tomu, chto istochniki inogda zatmevayutsya Zemlei. Posle slozhnoi obrabotki udaetsya "vychlenit'" vklad otdel'nyh istochnikov, chto i vidno na risunke.

    Avtory vydelili bolee 20 istochnikov. Sredi nih Krab, izvestnye akkreciruyushie tesnye dvoinye i aktivnye yadra galaktik.


    Vypusk 70. 16-22 fevralya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0402371 Astrofizicheskoe proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (Astrophysical Origins of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: Diego F. Torres, Luis A. Anchordoqui
    Comments: 94 pages revtex, 9 .eps figures (higher resolution version of Fig. 7 is available at http://www.angelfire.com/id/dtorres/down3.html). Solicited review article prepared for Reports on Progress in Physics

    Bol'shoi obzor po kosmicheskim lucham sverhvysokih energii i po astrofizicheskim modelyam dlya ih istochnikov.

    Otmetim takzhe obzor, posvyashennyi modelyam t.n. "kolena" v spektre kosmicheskih luchei: Models of the Knee in the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays.


    hep-ph/0402102 Sil'noe vzaimodeistvie mezhdu neitrino i nuklonami sverhvysokih energii kak reshenie zagadki GZK-obrezaniya
    Authors: Z. Fodor, S.D. Katz, A. Ringwald, H. Tu
    Comments: 20 pages, 12 figure

    Soglasno sovremennym teoreticheskim predstavleniyam fotony s energiyami vyshe 4x1019 erg ne mogut preodolevat' kosmologicheskie rasstoyaniya iz-za vzaimodeistviya s myagkimi fotonami reliktovogo izlucheniya, i v spektre kosmicheskih luchei vyshe etoi energii dolzhen nablyudat'sya zaval (kotoryi nosit imena Greisena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina). Pohozhe, odnako, chto etot zaval ne nablyudaetsya (v dannyh raznyh observatorii est' nekotorye protivorechiya).

    Avtory dannoi stat'i predlagayut novoe ob'yasnenie - bolee sil'noe vzaimodeistvie neitrino s nuklonami (protonami i neitronami) na etih energiya.


    Vypusk 67. 26-31 yanvarya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0401632 Anizotropiya kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii (Anisotropies in Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays)
    Authors: John Swain
    Comments: 20 pages, Invited talk at the 10th Marcel Grossmann Meeting in Rio de Janeiro, 20-26 July 2003

    Poka ne zarabotaet proekt Ozhe (t.e. poka ne budet sobrana horoshaya bogataya statistika po kosmicheskim lucham sverhvysokih energii), a mozhet i dol'she, proishozhdenie samyh vysokoenergichnyh chastic, priletayushih na Zemlyu, budet ostavat'sya zagadkoi. Odin iz voprosov, kotoryi poka ne reshen, takov: izotropno li raspredeleny sobytiya po nebu? Mnogie issledovateli pytalis' i pytayutsya naiti korrelyacii kosmicheskih luchei s razlichnymi tipami ob'ektov (naprimer, galaktikami s vysokim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya). V dannoi rabote daetsya dostatochno ischerpyvayushii obzor po etoi problematike. V stat'e mnogo formul, no est' i vpolne dostupnye otryvki, t.o. s odnoi storony mozhno razobrat'sya vo vseh detalyah, a s drugoi, esli prochest' "vvedenie" i "zaklyuchenie", to mozhno uhvatit' sut' problemy i sovremennoe sostoyanie del bez izlishnih tehnicheskih trudnostei.


    Vypusk 66. 19-26 yanvarya 2004

    miniobzor hep-ph/0401153 Astronomiya neitrino vysokih energii: vozmozhnost' dlya fiziki elementarnyh chastic (High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Opportunities For Particle Physics)
    Authors: Dan Hooper
    Comments: 10 pages. Based on review talk given at the 2004 Cracow Epiphany Conference on Astroparticle Physics

    V nekotorom smysle sovremennaya fizika elementarnyh chastic nahoditsya v sostoyanii krizisa (zastoya), vyzvannogo nevozmozhnost'yu ekstensivnogo razvitiya: stroit' novye uskoriteli, kotorye na poryadki prevoshodili by predydushie po energii, ochen' dorogo. Poetomu fiziki vse chashe smotryat v nebo ne tol'ko s mol'boi o pomoshi, no i v poiskah vysokoenergichnyh chastic. Pomnite:"Vselennaya - eto uskoritel' dlya bednyh".

    V dannoim obzore avtor rassmatrivaet vopros o tom, chto mogut dat' nablyudeniya kosmicheskih neitrino vysokih energii dlya issledovanii rasshirenii Standartnoi modeli (o standartnoi modeli sm. obozrenie Igorya Ivanova).


    Vypusk 65. 12-19 yanvarya 2004

    astro-ph/0401150 Poslednii gamma-vsplesk v nashei Galaktike? (The last Gamma Ray Burst in our Galaxy? On the observed cosmic ray excess at particle energy 1 EeV)
    Authors: Peter L. Biermann et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, Accepted for publication in Ap. J. Letters

    V spektre kosmicheskih luchei nablyudaetsya nebol'shoi izbytok na energiyah poryadka 1018 eV v napravlenii centra Galaktiki. Avtory razrabatyvayut interesnuyu ideyu, chto etot izbytok svyazan s poslednim (t.e. samym nedavnim) gamma-vspleskom, proizoshedshim v Mlechnom Puti.


    (Arhiv Kosmicheskie luchi:
    v.2, 2003, v.1, 2002-2003)

  • Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami: astrofizika - obzory - astro-ph
    Publikacii so slovami: astrofizika - obzory - astro-ph
    Sm. takzhe:
    Vse publikacii na tu zhe temu >>

    Ocenka: 3.4 [golosov: 102]
     
    O reitinge
    Versiya dlya pechati Raspechatat'

    Astrometriya - Astronomicheskie instrumenty - Astronomicheskoe obrazovanie - Astrofizika - Istoriya astronomii - Kosmonavtika, issledovanie kosmosa - Lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - Planety i Solnechnaya sistema - Solnce


    Astronet | Nauchnaya set' | GAISh MGU | Poisk po MGU | O proekte | Avtoram

    Kommentarii, voprosy? Pishite: info@astronet.ru ili syuda

    Rambler's Top100 Yandeks citirovaniya