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Novosti nauki
The R.A.P. Project
29.11.02. astro-ph za 25 - 29 noyabrya 2002 goda: izbrannye stat'i



astro-ph/0211488 Snizhenie effektivnosti obrazovaniya planet podobnyh Zemle iz-za migracii planet-gigantov (A reduced efficiency of terrestrial planet formation following giant planet migration)
Authors: Philip J. Armitage
Commets: ApJL, in press

Vo mnogih vnesolnechnyh planetnyh sistemah mozhet proishodit' sushestvennoe izmenenie (umen'shenie) orbit massivnyh planet. Migracii nachinayutsya? kogda sushestvennaya dolya pyli uzhe sobralas' v planetozimali. I eto mozhet sushestvenno snizit' veroyatnost' obrazovaniya planet zemnogo tipa na rasstoyanii 1 AE ot zvezdy (oni budut prosto "smeteny" planetoi-gigantom). Vse eto demonstriruetsya na dostatochno prostoi modeli.


astro-ph/0211492 O raspredelenii ekscentrisitetov slivayushihsya dvoinyh chernyh dyr v sharovyh skopleniyah porozhdaemom effektom Kozai (On the Eccentricity Distribution of Coalescing Black Hole Binaries Driven by the Kozai Mechanism in Globular Clusters)
Authors: Linqing Wen (Caltech)
Commets: 33 pages, including 10 figures and 1 table, submitted to ApJ

Ierarhicheskie troinye sistemy (v kotoryh dva tela obrashayutsya drug vokrug druga na nebol'shom rasstoyanii, a tret'e vokrug nih - na sushestvenno bol'shem) sostoyashie iz chernyh dyr mogut obrazovyvat'sya v sharovyh skopleniyah pri stolknoveniyah dvoinyh chernyh dyr. kakova ih dal'neishaya sud'ba? Sushestvennuyu rol' v nei igraet effekt Kozai - periodicheskie izmenenie ekscentrisitetov vnutrennei i vneshnei orbit komponentov ierarhicheskoi troinoi. Takoe izmenenie orbit vkupe s izlucheniem gravitacionnyh voln privodit k sliyaniyu vnutrennei pary chernyh dyr v sisteme. Na moi vzglyad eto (opisanie effekta Kozai i ego sledstvie) samoe interesnoe v stat'e.

Nu a dal'she idut ocenki mozhno li budet zaregistrirovat' takie chernye dyry na planiruemyh gravitacionnyh detektorah (chto menee interesno).


obzor astro-ph/0211500 Obzor pryamyh poiskov WIMP (WIMP direct detection overview)
Authors: Y. Ramachers (Oxford, UK)
Commets: 13 pages, 6 figures, invited review for the Proc. XXth Int. Conf. Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, May 25-30, 2002, Munich, Germany; version includes correction of typo in eqn.2; to appear in Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl

Kakaya fizika daet nam WIMPs (Slabo vzaimodeistvuyushie tyazhelye chasticy)? Kakovy ih parametry? Kakim obrazom ih luchshe registrirovat'? Vot temy dannogo obzora. Rekomenduyu zaodno posmotret' i astro-ph/0211446.


miniobzor astro-ph/0211503 Odinochnye i dvoinye chernye dyry i ih aktivnoe okruzhenie (Single and binary Black Holes and their active environment)
Authors: P.L.Biermann et al
Commets: 17 pages, 10 figures

Kakie mehanizmy vyzyvayut aktivnost' chernyh dyr (BH) i kak ona mozhet proyavlyat'sya? Avtory obrashayut vnimanie, chto bol'shaya chast' elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya BH ishodit ili svyazana s dzhetami. Vtoroe, na chto oni obrashayut vnimanie - utverzhdenie, chto sliyanie galaktik privodit k sliyaniyu ih central'nyh BH. Snachala oni sblizhayutsya iz-za dinamicheskogo reniya "o zvezdy", na poslednem etape vstupayut v deistvie sily gravitacii i tut ochen' vazhnym okazyvaetsya orientaciya momentov vrasheniya BH. Ocenivaetsya effektivnost' etih processov, kak istochnikov gravitacionnyh voln. Obzor horosho illyustrirovan.


miniobzor astro-ph/0211517 Samye massivnye skopleniya galaktik vo Vselennoi (The Most Massive Clusters in the Universe)
Authors: O.Czoske, J.-P. Kneib, S.Bardeau
Commets: 10 pages, 7 figures; to be published in the Proceedings of the Conference on "Matter and Energy in Clusters of Galaxies" held on April 23th-27th 2002 in Chung-Li, Taiwan; ASP Conf. Series, eds. S. Bowyer & C.-Y. Hwang

Zamechatel'nyi, prostoi i ponyatnyi malen'kii obzor, posvyashennyi tomu kak mozhno (i kak nuzhno) izuchat' skopleniya galaktik - vsemi dostupnymi na segodnya metodami. Tam zhe rassmatrivaetsya kakuyu informaciyu o skopleniyah mozhno izvlech' iz uzhe sdelannyh rentgenovskih obzorov vsego neba: XBACs, BCS i MACS. Kraine rekomenduyu.


astro-ph/0211530 Obnaruzhenie diffuznogo TeVnogo gamma-izlucheniya ot blizkoi galaktiki so vspyshkoi zvezdoobrazovaniya NGC 253 (Detection of diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253)
Authors: C. Itoh et al.
Commets: 4 pages, double colomn, 3 figures, A&A 396(2002)L1-4

NGC 253 odna iz blizhaishih k nam galaktik s ochen' burnym zvezdoobrazovaniem (tak nazyvaemoi "vspyshkoi zvezdoobrazovaniya"). Rasstoyanie do etoi spiral'noi galaktiki - primerno 2.5 Mpk. Blizost' i moshnoe zvezdoobrazovanie delali ee odnim iz kandidatov na poisk izlucheniya sverhvysokih energii. Takie nablyudeniya byli provedeny v 2000 i 2001 gg. na 10-m atmosfernom cherenkovskom teleskope CANGAROO-II. Ot galaktiki byl zaregistrirovan potok izlucheniya na energiyah >0.6 TeV ravnyi (7.8+/-2.5)x10-12 sm-2 c-1.


astro-ph/0211544 Sud'ba temnoi energii (The Fate of Dark Energy)
Authors: Paul H. Frampton and Tomo Takahashi
Commets: 10 pages LaTeX including 4 eps figures

Avtory na osnove kosmologicheskih dannyh - a imenno dannyh ob anizotropii relikta, dannyh po SN Ia i po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture - pokazali, chto sud'ba nashei Vselennoi pod deistviem temnoi energii mozhet zakonchit'sya odnim iz treh sposobov:

  1. sushestvovanie Vselennoi zavershitsya cherez 7 milliardov let;
  2. Vselennaya mozhet sushestvovat' i rasshiryat'sya beskonechno pri dominirovanii temnoi energii;
  3. temnaya energii mozhet dissipirovat', Vselennaya asimptoticheski pereidet na fazu beskonechnogo fridmanovskogo rasshireniya a(t) ~ t2/3.
Avtory schitayut, chto informacii, kotoruyu my mozhe izvlech', nablyudaya proshloe nashei Vselennoi principial'no nedostatochno, chtoby vybrat' odin iz perechislennyh variantov budushego.


astro-ph/0211553 Otkryvaya "novoe okno" v rannyuyu Vselennuyu (Opening A New Window to the Early Universe)
Authors: Eric Hivon and Marc Kamionkowski (Caltech)
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures. Matches the published "Perspectives" article Journal-ref: Science 298, 1349 (15 Nov 2002)

"Eksperiment DASI zavershil 34-letnyuyu ohotu za registraciei polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya." T.e. "novym oknom" i yavlyaetsya polyarizaciya relikta, kotoraya daet sushestvenno bol'she novoi informacii, chem ego temperatura, a eksperiment DASI v kotorom polyarizaciya byla vpervye zaregistrirovana eto okno priotkryl. Vo vsyu shir' ego raspahnet MAP (Microwave Anisotropy Probe), kotoryi planiruetsya zapustit' v 2007 g. Za podrobnostyami - v stat'yu.


astro-ph/0211556 Nizkochastotnye gravitacionnye volny ot massivnyh dvoinyh chernyh dyr: predskazaniya dlya LISA i Setei pul'sarnogo taiminga (Low-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Binaries: Predictions for LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays)
Authors: J. Stuart B. Wyithe and Abraham Loeb
Commets: 28 pages 7 figures, submitted to ApJ

Sliyanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr, kotorye nablyudayutsya v centrah galaktik (pri sliyanie galaktik, po-vidimomu, slivayutsya i ih central'nye chernye dyry), mozhet nablyudat'sya s ochen' bol'shih rasstoyanii (do z~3-10). I nizkochastotnye gravitacionnye volny ot nih mozhno budet obnaruzhit' na kosmicheskom interferometre LISA (zapusk v 2013 g.) i pri vysokotochnom nablyudenii momentov prihodov impul'sov ot radiopul'sarov.


astro-ph/0211561 Mezhgalakticheskie sharovye skopleniya i hvost podscheta slabyh galaktik v A1656 (Kome) [Intergalactic globular clusters and the faint end of the galaxy number counts in A1656 (Coma)]
Authors: A. Marin-Franch & A. Aparicio
Commets: 23 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

V poslednee vremya v skopleniyah galaktik byli obnaruzhen sharovye skopleniya ne vhodyashie v sostav galaktik. Naprimer, v rabote astro-ph/0210466 (annotaciya) obsuzhdalsya vopros vybrosheny li eti skopleniya iz galaktik dinamicheskimi vzaimodeistviyami, ili okruzhavshie ih galaktiki byli razrusheny.

V dannoi rabote rassmatrivaetsya eshe odin vozmozhnyi otvet - v raspredelenii galaktik v skoplenii Koma est' dostatochno dlinnyi "hvost" ochen' malen'kih galaktik. On dostatochno horosho stykuetsya s raspredelenie sharovyh skoplenii. I, takim obrazom, sharovye skopleniya mogut okazat'sya samymi malen'kimi galaktikami v skoplenii Koma.


miniobzor astro-ph/0211563 Golye strannye kvarkovye zvezdy: obrazovanie i izluchenie (are strange quark stars: formation and emission)
Authors: R.X. Xu (PKU)
Commets: 9 page and no figure, The 6th pacific rim conference on steller astrophysics -- a tribute to Helmut A. Abt, or at http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/~rxxu/publications/index_C.htm

"Golye" strannye zvezdy - odin teoreticheski vozmozhnyh iz variantov takih zvezd, kotorye ne obladayut koroi iz obychnogo veshestva. Magnitosfera takih zvezd zapolnena elektron-pozitronnoi plazmoi. Neposredstvenno na poverhnosti zvezdy sushestvuet ochen' sil'noe elektricheskoe pole. Nikakih spektral'nyh osobennostei v ee spektre izlucheniya ne budet (t.k. otsutstvuyut iony na poverhnosti).


obzor astro-ph/0211571 Status neitronnogo eksperimenta Baikal (Status of the BAIKAL neutrino project)
Authors: G.V. Domogatskii (for the Baikal collaboration)
Commets: 8 pages, 5 figures. Invited talk at the XXth International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2002), Munich, Germany, May 25-30,2002

Eksperiment Baikal - eto podvodnyi cherenkovskii teleskop na kotorom registriruyut neitrino sverhvysokih energii i nekotorye drugie ekzoticheskie chasticy. Eksperiment dlitsya uzhe bolee 10 let. Ego sovremennomu sostoyaniyu i poluchennym rezul'tatam posvyashen dannyi obzor.


astro-ph/0211579 Vysokotemperaturnoe veshestvo i spektr neitrino ot mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr (High Temperature Matter and Neutrino Spectra from Microscopic Black Holes)
Authors: R. G. Daghigh and J. I. Kapusta
Commets: 13 pages, 4 figures

Chernye dyry isparyayutsya (process Hokinga). Po mere umen'sheniya massy chernoi dyry potok izlucheniya ot nee i ego temperatura rastut. Mikroskopicheskie dyry uzhe mogut ispuskat' ne tol'ko fotony, no i chasticy obladayushie nenulevoi massoi pokoya. Takim obrazom ot mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr ottekaet potok ochen' goryachego veshestva. Eto veshestvo izluchaet neitrino. Krome togo neitrino ispuskayutsya samoi chernoi dyroi. Spektr neitrinnogo izlucheniya v diapazone energii ot 1 GeV do plankovskoi energii dlya poslednih neskol'kih chasov sushestvovaniya mikroskopicheskoi chernoi dyry rasschitany v dannoi rabote.


astro-ph/0211589 Sledy vzryvov SN Ia v tolstom galakticheskom diske (Signatures of SN Ia in the galactic thick disk)
Authors: S. Feltzing, T. Bensby, I. Lundstrom (Lund Observatory, Sweden)
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, A&A Letter in press

Kak mozhno uznat', chto v dannom meste kogda-to vzorvalas' sverhnovaya, esli dazhe ee ostatok uzhe ischez? Po raspredeleniyu dostatochno molodyh zvezd i gradientu himicheskogo sostava. Stat'ya posvyashena poisku staryh vspyshek sverhnovyh tipa Ia i sravneniyu vozrastov tonkogo i tolstogo diskov na etoi osnove.


obzor astro-ph/0211609 Kollapsy zvezd i gravitacionnye volny (Stellar collapse and gravitational waves)
Authors: Chris L. Fryer, Daniel E. Holz, Scott A. Hughes, and Michael S. Warren
Commets: 31 pages, 9 figures, to appear in "Stellar Collapse" (Astrophysics and Space Science), edited by C. L. Fryer Report-no: NSF-KITP-02-174, LAUR-02-6960

Vse blizhe i blizhe moment, kogda s nazemnyh gravitacionnyh antenn nachnut postupat' eksperimental'nye dannye (oni uzhe est', tol'ko v nebol'shom kolichestve). I nado uspet' predskazat', chto mozhno v nih uvidet'. V etom obzore osnovnoe vnimanie obrasheno na gravitacionnye volny ot kollapsov yader sverhnovyh.


astro-ph/0211616 Turbulentnost' v mezhzvezdnoi srede: energetika i podderzhivayushie mehanizmy (Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium: Energetics and Driving Mechanisms)
Authors: Mordecai-Mark Mac Low
Commets: 10 pages, for publication in a proceedings issue of Astrophysics & Space Science recording the conference "From Observations to Self-Consistent Modeling of the Interstellar Medium"

Esli ischeznet istochnik energii, to turbulentnost' mezhzvezdnoi sredy ochen' bystro zatuhnet. Avtor proveril 6 vozmozhnyh istochnikov energii: magnitovrashatel'nuyu neustoichivost', gravitacionnuyu neustoichivost', istecheniya iz protozvezd, rasshirenie oblastei H II, zvezdnye vetra i vspyshki sverhnovyh. Poslednii mehanizm - namnogo moshnee vseh predydushih, veroyatno on i podderzhivaet turbulentnost' v mezhzvezdnoi srede. V stat'e vy naidete interesnye ocenki.


obzor astro-ph/0211620 Kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski, ih poslesvecheniya i domashnie galaktiki (Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts, Their Afterglows, and Their Host Galaxies)
Authors: K. Hurley, R. Sari, and S. G. Djorgovski
Commets: 47 pages, 11 figures

Eto obzornaya stat'ya dlya knigi "Kompaktnye zvezdnye rentgenovskie istochniki", kotoraya vyidet v 2003 g. v izdatel'stve Kembridzhskogo universiteta. V nei opisana fenomenologiya gamma-vspleskov, teoriya ih poslesvechenii, nablyudeniya domashnih galaktik i ih interpretaciya. Kraine rekomenduyu.


obzor astro-ph/0211630 Chandra izuchaet "blizkuyu Vselennuyu" (Studying the Nearby Universe with Chandra)
Authors: Q. Daniel Wang
Commets: Based on an overview talk presented at the IAU Symposium No.214: High Energy Processes and Phenomena in Astrophysics (in press).

Samye interesnye rezul'taty, poluchennye s observatorii Chandra, pri nablyudenii blizhaishih galaktik, vklyuchaya Mlechnyi Put'. Eti nablyudeniya otvergli mnogo sushestvovavshih gipotez i otkryli celyi ryad novyh faktov. Polnuyu versiyu stat'i (postscript) s vysokokachestvennymi fotografiyami mozhno vzyat' s http://www.astro.umass.edu/~wqd/papers/talk_IAU214.ps.




Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.

Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.


Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov

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